(b Katovice, Silesia, 23 July 1924). Polish sculptor. She studied at the Higher School of Plastic Arts, Sopot (1946–9), and at the Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw (1949–51). She made her début in the early 1950s with several award-winning monumental Socialist Realist sculptures, such as Miners (versions of 1952 and 1954) and Friendship (1952; Warsaw, Pal. Cult. & Sci.). She contributed two works, Mother and Protest, to the famous exhibition of 1955 at the Arsenal Gallery in Warsaw that marked the end of Socialist Realism in the visual arts. These compositions, along with Time of the Atom and Two from the second half of the 1950s, are mutilated, expressive forms, representing distant reminders of once-living human bodies that have undergone a catastrophe and wasted away. She progressed in the 1960s to abstract sculptures (e.g. Flame, 1966), forms composed from plaster of Paris or concrete on a metal skeleton. After the mid-1960s her works were based on the principle of dualism and dialogue, which extended to both forms and materials (the plasticity of metal juxtaposed to the rigidity of stone). During the late 1960s and 1970s the cycles Lotne, Oderwania and Sacra appeared. These are dynamic, monumental compositions, often produced in a townscape of concrete housing estates. After 1977 she produced the Dialogues with Time cycles as well as drawings composed of alternating black-and-white areas intersected by black-and-white lines.