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Watanabe Kazan [Watanabe Sadayasu; Kazan; Gukaido]
(b Edo [now Tokyo], 1793; d Tawara [now in Aichi Prefect.], 1841). Japanese painter. He was the son of an impoverished retainer of the Miyake family, holders of the small Tawara fief. He began to study painting in his teens, having been advised that he could finance his Confucian studies through art. Kazan’s first teacher was a little-known painter, Shirakawa Shizan (?1765–?1857). When Shizan dismissed him for non-payment of tuition fees, Kazan took up his studies with Kaneko Kinryo (d 1817), a pupil of TANI BUNCHO who produced bird-and-flower and animal paintings. Perhaps with an introduction from Kinryo, Kazan himself began to study under Buncho in 1809. His talent was immediately recognized, and within a few years Kazan had pupils of his own and was adding greatly to his family’s meagre stipend with profits from painting sales. In 1819 he hosted his first shogakai, a creative gathering of poets, calligraphers and painters.
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