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Titian [Vecellio, Tiziano]

(b Pieve di Cadore, c. ?1485–90; d Venice, 27 Aug 1576). Italian painter, draughtsman and printmaker. The most important artist of the VECELLIO family, he was immensely successful in his lifetime and since his death has always been considered the greatest painter of the Venetian school. He was equally pre-eminent in all the branches of painting practised in the 16th century: religious subjects, portraits, allegories and scenes from Classical mythology and history. His work illuminates more clearly than that of any other painter the fundamental transition from the 15th-century tradition (characterized by meticulous finish and the use of bright local colours) to that of the 16th century, when painters adopted a broader technique, with less defined outlines and with mutually related colours.

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Titian... (cont.)
- patrons and collectors... (cont.)
  - Fitzwilliam, Richard, 7th Viscount Fitzwilliam
    - Fitzwilliam, Richard
  - Francesco II, 10th Duke of Milan (reg 1521-35)
    - Sforza: (8) Francesco II Sforza
  - Francesco-Maria I, Duke of Urbino
    - Rovere, della (i): (3) Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino
  - Francis I, King of France (reg 1515-47)
    - Valois, House of: (14) Francis I, §2: Painting, sculpture and other arts
  - Frick, Henry Clay
    - Frick, Henry Clay
  - Ganay, Hubert de, Marquis
    - France, §XIII, 6: Collecting and dealing: 20th century
  - Gardner, Isabella Stewart
    - Colnaghi’s
    - Gardner, Isabella Stewart
  - Giustiniani (i), Vincenzo, Marchese
    - Giustiniani (i): (2) Vincenzo Giustiniani
  - Godoy (y Alvárez de Faria), Manuel, Príncipe de la Paz
    - Godoy, Manuel
  - Gonzaga, Ercole, Cardinal
    - Gonzaga: (10) Ercole Gonzaga
  - Gozzi, Alvisio
    - Mannerism, §3(ii): Formal language: Spiritual intensity
  - Grimani, Antonio
    - Grimani: (1) Antonio Grimani
  - Grimani, Domenico, Cardinal, Patriarch of Aquilea
    - Grimani: (2) Domenico Grimani
  - Guidobaldo II, 4th Duke of Urbino (reg 1538-74)
    - Rovere, della (i): (4) Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino
  - Guzmán, Ambrosio Ignacio Spínola y, Archbishop of Seville
    - Guzmán: (2) Ambrosio Ignacio Spínola y Guzmán
  - Habsburg I., Leopold William, Archduke of Austria, Governor of the Netherlands
    - Habsburg, §I: (18) Leopold William, Archduke of Austria
  - Herbert, Philip, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery
    - Herbert: (1) Philip Herbert
  - Hervey, Frederick Augustus, 4th Earl of Bristol
    - Hervey: (1) Frederick Augustus Hervey
  - Hesselin, Louis(-Cauchon)
    - Hesselin, Louis
  - Hopton, Arthur
    - Hopton, Arthur
  - Howard (i), Aletheia, Countess of Arundel
    - Howard (i): (2) Aletheia Talbot, Countess of Arundel
  - Howard (i), Thomas, 2nd Earl of Arundel
    - Howard (i): (1) Thomas Howard, 2nd Earl of Arundel
  - Hume, Abraham, 2nd Baronet
    - Hume, Abraham
  - Imperiale, Gian Vincenzo
    - Imperiale
  - Isabella d'Este, Marchesa di Mantua (1474-1539)
    - Este (i): (6) Isabella d’Este
  - Jabach, Everard
    - France, §XIII, 3: Collecting and dealing: 17th century
    - Jabach, Everard, §1: Early life and first collection, to 1660
    - Jabach, Everard, §2: Sales to Louis XIV, 1662 and 1671
  - John William, Elector Palatine (reg 1690-1716)
    - Germany, §XIII: Collecting and dealing
  - Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain (reg 1806-8)
    - Bonaparte: (3) Joseph
  - Josephine, Empress of the French (1763-1814)
    - Bonaparte: (2) Josephine
  - Jullienne, Jean de
    - Jullienne, Jean de
  - Lane, Hugh (Percy)
    - Lane, Hugh
  - Las Marismas del Guadalquivir, Alejandro María Aguado y Ramírez de Estemoz, Marqués de
    - Las Marismas del Guadalquivir
  - Lastanosa, Vicencio Juan de
    - Lastanosa, Vicencio Juan de
  - La Vrillière, Louis Phélypeaux de
    - La Vrillière, Louis Phélypeaux de
  - Leemput, Remi van
    - Leemput , Remi van
  - Leganés, 1st Marqués de
    - Guzmán: (1) Leganés
  - Leoni, Leone
    - Leoni: (1) Leone Leoni
  - Lerma, Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Duque de
    - Sandoval y Rojas: (1) Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas
  - Liechtenstein-Castelkorn, Karel von, Bishop of Olmutz
    - Czech Republic, §XII: Collecting and dealing
  - Louis XIV, King of France (reg 1643-1715)
    - Bourbon, §I: (8) Louis XIV, King of France, §4: Painting, graphic arts and manuscripts
  - Ludovisi, Ludovico, Cardinal
    - Ludovisi: (2) Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi
  - Mary of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands (1505-58)
    - Habsburg, §I: (7) Mary, Queen of Hungary
    - Mor, Antonis, §2: 1550–?1553: Spain and Portugal
  - Mauroner, José
    - Argentina, §VI: Patronage and art institutions
  - Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal
    - Mazarin: (1) Cardinal Jules Mazarin
  - McLellan, Archibald
    - Scotland, §XIII: Collecting and dealing
  - Medici (family)
    - Medici, de’: (25) Leopoldo de’ Medici
  - Medici, Ottaviano de'
    - Medici, de’: (10) Ottaviano de’ Medici
  - Medinaceli, Luís de la Cerda Fernández de Córdoba Folch de Cardona y Aragón, 9th Duque de (1660-1711)
    - Medinaceli: (1) 9th Duque de Medinaceli
  - Mond, Ludwig
    - Mond: (1) Ludwig Mond
  - Munro (of Novar), H(ugh) A(ndrew) J(ohnstone)
    - Munro, H. A. J.
  - Murray, Charles Fairfax
    - Murray, Charles Fairfax
  - Musée du Louvre (Paris)
    - France, §XIV, 2: Early museums in Paris, late 18th century
  - National Gallery (London)
    - Davies, Martin
  - Nave, Bartolomeo della
    - Nave, Bartolomeo della
  - Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia (reg 1825-55)
    - Romanov: (6) Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia
  - Nys, Daniel
    - Nys, Daniel
  - Odoni, Andrea
    - Odoni, Andrea
  - Orléans, Louis-Philippe-Joseph de Bourbon, 5th Duc d' (1747-93)
    - Coxe, Peter
  - Orléans, Philippe II de Bourbon, 2nd Duc d' (1674-1723)
    - Orléans, House of: (3) Philippe II, §2: 1701–14
  - Ottley, William Young
    - Ottley, William Young
  - Percy, Algernon, 10th Earl of Northumberland
    - England, §XIII, 3(i): Trends in collecting, after 1840
    - Percy: (2) Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland
  - Percy, Algernon, 4th Duke of Northumberland
    - Percy: (4) Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland
  - Pérez, Antonio (?1540-1611)
    - Pérez, Antonio (ii)
  - Pesaro, Gerolamo
    - Pesaro (ii)
  - Petty, William
    - Petty, Rev. William
  - Philip II, King of Spain (reg 1556-98)
    - Doria, §I: (2) Giovanni AndreaI Doria
    - Habsburg, §II: Spanish branch
  - Philip III, King of Spain (reg 1598-1621)
    - Carducho: (2) Vicente Carducho, §2: Career at court
  - Philip IV, King of Spain (reg 1621-65)
    - Monterrey, 6th Conde de
    - Spain, §V, 3: Interior decoration, 1598–1700
    - Velázquez, Diego, §I, 2: Madrid and first visit to Italy, 1623–31
  - Philip V, King of Spain (reg 1700-24)
    - Spain, §V, 4: Interior decoration, 1701–1813
  - Pinacoteca Comunale (Ancona)
    - Ancona
  - Poniatowski, Stanislaw, Prince
    - Poniatowski: (2) Stanislaw Poniatowski
  - Porter, Endymion
    - Porter, Endymion
  - Pourtalès-Gorgier, James-Alexandre, Comte de
    - Pourtalès-Gorgier, James-Alexandre
  - Puccini, Tommaso
    - Puccini, Tommaso
  - Pulzone, Scipione
    - Pulzone, Scipione
  - Radziwill (family)
    - Poland, §XII, 2: Collecting and dealing, c 1600–c 1800
  - Ram, Giovanni
    - Giorgione, §I, 4: Giorgione and his public
  - Richelieu, Louis-François Armand-Jean Vignerod du Plessis, Duc de (1629-1715)
    - Richelieu (ii): (2) Duc de Richelieu
  - Richter, Johann Thomas
    - Leipzig, §2: Art life and organization
  - Ricketts, Charles (de Sousy)
    - Ricketts, Charles
  - Rogers, Samuel
    - Rogers, Samuel
  - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (reg 1576-1612)
    - Kunstkammer, §2: Earlier history
  - Ruffo, Tommaso, Cardinal, Archbishop of Ferrara
    - Ruffo: (2) Tommaso Ruffo
  - Rushout, John, 2nd Baron Northwick
    - Rushout, John
  - Saint-Morys, Charles Paul Jean-Baptiste de Bourgevin Vialart de
    - Saint-Morys, Charles Paul Jean-Baptiste de Bourgevin Vialart de
  - Savoy, Eugene of, Prince (1663-1736)
    - Austria, §XIII: Collecting and dealing
    - Savoy, §II: (10) Prince Eugene of
  - Seignelay, Jean-Baptiste(-Antoine) Colbert, Marquis de
    - Colbert: (2) Jean-Baptiste Colbert
  - Seisenegger, Jakob
    - Seisenegger, Jakob
  - Sera, Paolo del
    - Sera, Paolo del
  - Serra, Giovan Francesco, Marqués di Cassano
    - Serra, Giovan Francesco
  - Seymour-Conway, Francis Charles, 3rd Marquess of Hertford
    - Seymour-Conway: (1) Francis Charles Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford
  - Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland (reg 1548-72)
    - Jagiellon: (4) Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania
  - Soult (Jean de Dieu), Maréchal
    - Soult
  - Souza, Madame de
    - Morny, Charles-Auguste
  - Spencer, Robert, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1641-1702)
    - Spencer: (1) Robert Spencer
  - Stone, Symon
    - Stone, Symon
  - Strange, John
    - Strange, John
  - Suttermans, Giusto
    - Suttermans, Giusto, §1: Training and early work, to 1631
  - Tallard, Marie-Joseph d'Hostun, Duc de
    - Tallard, Marie-Joseph d’Hostun
  - Tejada, Francisco de
    - Tejada, Francisco de
  - Temple, Richard, 1st Viscount Cobham
    - Temple, Richard
  - Tessin, Carl Gustav, Count
    - Tessin: (3) Carl Gustav Tessin
  - Thibaudeau, Narcisse-Adolphe, Comte de
    - Thibaudeau, Narcisse-Adolphe
  - Tintoretto, Jacopo
    - Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §II: Working methods and technique
  - Torlonia (family)
    - Torlonia
  - Trolle-Bonde, Gustaf, Count
    - Trolle-Bonde, Gustaf
  - Vendramin, Gabriele
    - Vendramin, Gabriele
  - Villahermosa, Martín Gurrea y Aragón, Duque de
    - Gurrea y Aragón: (1) Martín Gurrea y Aragón
  - Villiers, George, 1st Duke of Buckingham (1592-1628)
    - Gerbier, Balthazar
    - Villiers, George
  - Wellesley, Henry
    - Wellesley: (2) Henry Wellesley
  - Wernher, Julius
    - Wernher, Julius
  - Wilson, Andrew
    - Wilson, Andrew
  - Wright, John Michael
    - Wright, John Michael
  - Yusupov, Nikolay (Borisovich), Prince (1751-1831)
    - Yusupov: (1) Nikolay Yusupov
- prints
- pupils
  - Barendsz., Dirck
    - Barendsz., Dirck
  - Bordone, Paris
    - Bordone, Paris, §1: Before 1538
  - Greco, El
    - Greco, El, §1(i): Early work in Crete and Venice, before late 1570
  - Micheli, Parrasio
    - Micheli , Parrasio
  - Moretto (da Brescia)
    - Moretto, §1: Before 1530
  - Peterzano, Simone
    - Peterzano, Simone
  - Tintoretto, Jacopo
    - Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §I, 1: Life and work, before 1548
  - Vecellio, Cesare
    - Vecellio: (3) Cesare Vecellio
- reproductive prints by others
  - Angolo del Moro, Battista dell'
    - Angolodel Moro, dell’: (1) Battista dell’Angolo del Moro
  - Baron, Bernard
    - Baron, Bernard
  - Boldrini, Nicolò
    - Boldrini, Nicolò
  - Britto, Giovanni
    - Britto, Giovanni
  - Bry, Theodor de
    - Bry, de: (2) Johann Theodor de Bry
  - Campagnola, Giulio
    - Reproduction of works of art, §2(i): 15th–17th centuries
  - Caraglio, Giovanni Jacopo
    - Caraglio, Giovanni Jacopo
  - Cartaro, Mario
    - Cartaro, Mario
  - Cunego, Domenico
    - Cunego, Domenico
  - Danckerts, Hendrick
    - Danckerts, Hendrick
  - Fontana (ii), Giovanni Battista
    - Fontana (iii): (1) Giovanni Battista Fontana
  - Fontana (ii), Giulio
    - Fontana (iii): (2) Giulio Fontana
    - Iconography and iconology, §III, 1(ii): Analysis of motifs, themes and types: Transformations
  - Gautier-Dagoty, Edouard
    - Gautier-Dagoty
  - Gaywood, Richard
    - Gaywood, Richard

Reproduced by kind permission of Macmillan Publishers Limited, publishers of The Grove Dictionary of Art.
� Copyright 2000 Macmillan Publishers Limited.

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