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Titian [Vecellio, Tiziano]
(b Pieve di Cadore, c. ?1485–90; d Venice, 27 Aug 1576). Italian painter, draughtsman and printmaker. The most important artist of the VECELLIO family, he was immensely successful in his lifetime and since his death has always been considered the greatest painter of the Venetian school. He was equally pre-eminent in all the branches of painting practised in the 16th century: religious subjects, portraits, allegories and scenes from Classical mythology and history. His work illuminates more clearly than that of any other painter the fundamental transition from the 15th-century tradition (characterized by meticulous finish and the use of bright local colours) to that of the 16th century, when painters adopted a broader technique, with less defined outlines and with mutually related colours.
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- Titian
- Augsburg, §2: Art life and organization
- Chiaroscuro
- Disegno e colore, §1: 16th-century Italy: origins of the controversy
- Disegno e colore, §3: 17th–19th-century England and France
- Iconography and iconology, §III, 1(iii): Analysis of motifs, themes and types: Imitation theory
- Italy, §III, 4(iii): High Renaissance and Mannerist painting, c 1500–c 1600: Venice
- Italy, §XIII, 1: Collecting and dealing: Middle Ages–17th century
- Rome, §III, 4(i): Art life and organization, 1503–49
- Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §I, 4(ii): Life and work, 1575 and after
- Tintoretto, §III: Character and personality
- Vecellio
- Venice, §II, 3(i): Art life and organization, 1454–1599: Painting
- Veronese, Paolo, §I, 2(i): Venice and Verona, 1553–60: Major decorative commissions
- assistants
- attributions
- Le Brun, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre
- drawings
- paintings
- Ellis: (1) Welbore Agar Ellis
- Giorgione, §I, 1(iii)(a): Early sources: Michiel
- Giorgione, §I, 1(iii)(c): Early sources: Vasari
- Giorgione, §I, 2(ii): Style, attribution, chronology: Building an oeuvre
- Giorgione, §II: Working methods and technique
- Giorgione, §III: Critical reception and posthumous reputation
- Polidoro da Lanciano
- Polo, Diego
- Spilimbergo, Irene di
- Wotton, Henry, §1: Diplomacy and collecting
- woodcuts
- collaboration
- Campagnola: (1) Giulio Campagnola
- Engraving, §II, 3(ii): Commercial growth, c 1500–c 1600
- Giulio Romano, §I, 3(iii): Works for Federico Gonzaga, 1524–40: Palazzo Ducale
- Vecellio: (1) Francesco Vecellio
- Vecellio: (2) Orazio Vecellio
- Venice, §III, 1: Centre of production: Manuscripts, books and prints
- Venice, §IV, 6(ii): Doge’s Palace: Painting and decoration
- commentaries
- copies
- drawings
- exhibitions
- forgeries by others
- frames
- Frame, §II, 3(iii): Italian Renaissance: Craftsmen and workshops
- Frame, §II, 3(iv): Italian Renaissance: Cassetta frames
- Frame, §II, 3(vi): Italian Renaissance: Compound profile frames
- Frame, §III, 4: France: Louis XIII and Louis XIV
- Frame, §VIII, 4: Spain: Herrera style
- Frame, §VIII, 7: Spain: Neo-classical and early 19th century
- methods
- mosaics
- paintings
- Ghislandi, Giuseppe
- Rosa (i)
- allegorical
- architectural
- battle
- fêtes champêtres
- frescoes
- landscape
- mythological
- Bellini: (3) Giovanni Bellini, §II, 3: Style and development, c 1500–1516
- Ekphrasis, §4: Ekphrasis in the Renaissance West
- Equicola, Mario
- Erotic art, §I, 2(ii): Western world, c 1500–c 1700
- Habsburg, §II: (2) Philip II, King of Spain
- Mythological painting and sculpture, §3: The Renaissance, c 1400–c 1595
- Ovid
- Poesia
- Representation, §1: Intuitions about representation
- nude figures
- portraits
- religious
- Altarpiece, §2(ii)(b): Forms and development: c 1400– c 1600
- Brescia
- Escorial, §3: Decoration
- Gritti, Andrea
- Lamentation group
- Light, §5(iii): 15th- and 16th-century light symbolism
- Palma: (3) Palma Giovane
- Pietà, §3(ii): Southern Europe
- Sacra conversazione
- Sigüenza
- Treviso
- Urbino, §2: Art life and organization
- Venice, §IV, 3: SS Giovanni e Paolo
- Venice, §IV, 4: S Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
- wall paintings
- patrons and collectors
- Art market, §V: After 1945
- England, §XIII, 2(i): Trends in collecting, 1700–1840
- Italy, §XII, 4: Patronage: Renaissance, c 1400–c 1600
- Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Vienna)
- Alba, 17th Duque de (1878-1953)
- Alba, Fernando Alvárez de Toledo, Gran-Duque de, Governor of the Netherlands
- Albarelli, Giovanni
- Alcalá, 3rd Duque de (1583-1637)
- Aldobrandini, Pietro (ii), Cardinal (1571-1621)
- Alfonso I, 3rd Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio (reg 1505-34)
- Altman, Benjamin
- Angerstein, John Julius
- Archinto, Filippo, Archbishop of Milan
- Aretino, Pietro
- Augustus II, King of Poland (reg 1697-1706; 1709-33)
- Augustus III, King of Poland (reg 1733-63)
- Avalos, Alfonso d'
- Bankes, William John
- Bellori, Giovanni Pietro
- Bembo, Pietro, Cardinal
- Benson, R(obert) H(enry)
- Borghese, Scipione, Cardinal
- Borromeo, Federico, Cardinal
- Borromeo, Vitaliano VI, Conte (1620-90)
- Bourbon I., Louis de, le Dauphin (1729-65)
- Bracciano, Livio Odescalchi, Duca di
- Butler, Charles (1822-1910)
- Cambó y Batlle, Francisco de Asís
- Canino, Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of (1775-1840)
- Carlo Borromeo, Saint
- Carpio, Gaspar de Haro y Guzmán, 7th Marqués del
- Carpio, Luis Méndez de Haro y Guzmán, 6th Marqués del
- Carr, Robert, 1st Earl of Somerset
- Carr, William Holwell
- Carraquiri, Nazario
- Cesare, 6th Duke of Modena and Reggio (reg 1597-1628)
- Champernowne, Arthur
- Charles I, King of England and Scotland (reg 1625-49)
- Art market, §II: 1500–1700
- Critz, de
- England, §XIII, 1: Collecting and dealing, before 1700
- Granges, David des
- London, §III, 3: Art life and organization, 1536–1659
- Palmer, James
- Stuart, House of
- Stuart, House of: (6) Charles I, §1: Connoisseurship and the royal picture collection
- Stuart, House of: (6) Charles I, §4: Locations, inventories and dispersal of collection
- Charles II, King of England and Scotland (reg 1660-85)
- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (reg 1519-58)
- Coxcie, Michiel
- Habsburg, §I: (5) Charles V, §3: Middle years, 1529–44
- Habsburg, §I: (5) Charles V, §4: Council of Trent to abdication, 1545–56
- Medici, de’: (12) Ippolito de’ Medici
- Spain, §XII, 1: Collecting and dealing: Royal collections
- Yuste Monastery
- Christina, Queen of Sweden (reg 1632-54)
- Churchill, John, 1st Duke of Marlborough
- Clovio, Giulio
- Colebrooke, George
- Coningham, William
- Contarini, Alessandro
- Contarini, Jacopo
- Corte, Valerio
- Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reg 1569-74)
- Créquy, Charles de Blanchefort de
- Crozat, Pierre
- Czernin, Jan Rudolf, Count
- Demidov, Anatoly, Prince
- Dennistoun, James
- Doria (family)
- Doria, Gian Carlo, Prince
- Duarte, Diego
- Dyck, Anthony van
- Egerton, Francis, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
- Emanuel-Philibert, 10th Duke of Savoy (reg 1553-80)
- Faesch, Johann Jakob
- Federico II, 5th Marchese and 1st Duke of Mantua (reg 1519-40)
- Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (reg 1637-58)
- Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (reg 1808; 1814-33)
- Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reg 1587-1609)
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