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Shevchenko, Aleksandr (Vasil’yevich)
(b Khar’kov [now Kharkiv], 26 May 1883; d Moscow, 28 Aug 1948). Russian painter of Ukrainian birth. He studied at the Stroganov School in Moscow (1895–1905 and 1907) and in Paris (1905–6) with Eugène Carrière and at the Académie Julian under Etienne Dinet (b 1861) and Jean-Paul Laurens. From 1907 to 1909 he attended the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, but protested against the traditional methods of teaching and was expelled. Between 1910 and 1914 he joined the circle around Mikhail Larionov and produced a number of paintings in the Rayist style in 1913 and 1914. In his book Neo-Primitivizm (1913) he propounded his own version of modern painting (see NEO-PRIMITIVISM), which combined influences from Cézanne, Cubism, Futurism and popular Russian art forms. After leaving the army he became Professor of Painting at the first Svomas in Moscow (1918–20) and then at Vkhutemas (1920–29). Together with Aleksandr Rodchenko, Boris Korolyov (1885–1963) and a group of architects, he was a member of the experimental commission on the synthesis of painting, sculpture and architecture, Zhivskul’ptarkh (1919–20); at the same time, he was involved in the organization of the Museum of Artistic Culture in Moscow. With a group of his pupils he organized a series of exhibitions in Moscow under the titles Tsvetodinamos i tektonicheskiy primitivizm (‘Tsvetodinamos (colour dynamism) and tectonic primitivism’; 1919) and Tsekh zhivopistsev (‘The guild of painters’; 1926–30), and from 1922 to 1926 he was a member of the Makovets group of Symbolist painters. A one-man exhibition in the Tret’yakov Gallery in Moscow contributed to Shevchenko’s authoritative position in the artistic life of the 1920s.
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