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Poussin, Nicolas
(b Les Andelys, Normandy, June 1594; d Rome, 19 Nov 1665). French painter and draughtsman, active in Italy. His supreme achievement as a painter lies in his unrivalled but hard-won capacity to subordinate dramatic narrative and the expression of extreme states of human passions to the formal harmony of designs based on the beauty and precision of abstract forms. The development of his art towards this end was focused on the search for a point of equilibrium and synthesis between the forces of the Classical and the Baroque around which most critical debate in Rome was concentrated during the 1630s. Poussin did not aspire to the classicism of Raphael’s idealized human forms or Michelangelo’s re-embodiment of the physical splendours of the antique world, nor did he attempt to vie with the bravura and energy of Annibale Carracci’s treatment of Classical mythology in the Galleria of the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. Equally he was not concerned with the illusionistic effects and heightened emotionalism of Baroque artists such as Pietro da Cortona and Lanfranco. He was concerned above all with interpreting his subject-matter, whether Classical or religious, and telling a story with the greatest possible concentration of emotional response, transcending any single moment in a narrative sequence but communicating and crystallizing every underlying passion into a comprehensive image.
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- Poussin, Nicolas
- Antique, the, §4(iii): 16th-century to early 18th-century sculptors and the Antique
- Classicism, §4: Renaissance to 17th century
- Colour, §I, 2: Western world, 17th century to mid-19th: Rubénisme to Romanticism
- Decorum
- Disegno e colore, §2: 17th-century Italy
- Disegno e colore, §3: 17th–19th-century England and France
- Domenichino, §2: Working methods and technique
- Fouquet, Nicolas
- France, §VI, 2(i): Furniture, 1589–1715: Louis XIII style
- Fréart: (2) Paul Fréart
- History painting, §I, 3: 17th century
- Isham,Thomas
- Music and art, §2: 17th and 18th centuries
- Nude, §3: Baroque, Rococo and Neo-classicism, 1600–1800
- Rome, §III, 5(i): Art life and organization, 1601–1700: Artistic environment
- Rome, §VI: Accademia di S Luca
- assistants
- attributions
- Beaumont, George
- Chaperon , Nicolas
- Du Fresnoy, Charles-Alphonse, §1: Life and painting
- Dughet, Gaspard, §1(ii): Middle period, c 1635–c 1660
- Masters, anonymous, and monogrammists, §I: Silver Birch Master
- Mellin, Charles
- Miles, Philip John
- Sweerts, Michiel
- Vieira Portuense, Francisco
- book illustrations
- collaboration
- drawings
- forgeries by others
- frames
- groups and movements
- methods
- paintings
- patrons and collectors
- Altieri (family)
- Aumale, Henri-Eugène-Philippe-Louis de Bourbon, Duc d'
- Aved, Jacques(-André-Joseph)
- Barberini, Francesco, Cardinal
- Bellio, Georges de
- Bonnemaison, Ferréol de
- Bretonvilliers, Claude le Ragois de
- Brienne, Louis-Henri, Comte de
- Butler, Charles (1822-1910)
- Castel Rodrigo, Manuel de Moura y Corte Real, 2nd Marqués de
- Catherine II, Empress of Russia (reg 1762-96)
- Cavendish, William, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (1671-1729)
- Charmois, Martin de
- Clement IX, Pope (reg 1667-70)
- Clive, Robert, 1st Baron Clive
- Coke, Thomas, 1st Earl of Leicester of the 1st creation (1697-1759)
- Créquy, Charles de Blanchefort de
- Crozat, Pierre
- Desenfans, Noël Joseph
- Des Noyers, François Sublet, Baron de Dangu
- Dezallier d'Argenville, Antoine-Joseph
- Dutuit (family)
- Egerton, Francis, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
- Einden, Jan van den
- Elizabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain (1692-1766)
- Ellis, Welbore Agar
- Esterházy, Miklós II, Prince (1765-1833)
- Fabre, François-Xavier, Baron
- Felton, Alfred
- Fesch, Joseph, Cardinal
- Filomarino, Ascanio, Cardinal
- Francis-Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein (reg 1772-81)
- Giori, Angelo, Cardinal
- Giustiniani (i), Vincenzo, Marchese
- Hamilton, Alexander, 10th Duke of Hamilton and 7th Duke of Brandon
- Hanover, Frederick (Louis), Prince of Wales (1707-51)
- Harcourt, Simon, 1st Earl Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt and 2nd Earl Nuneham
- Henry, Bon-Thomas
- Herbert, Thomas, 8th Earl of Pembroke
- Hesselin, Louis(-Cauchon)
- His de La Salle, (Aimé-Charles-)Horace
- Hoare (i), Henry the younger (1705-85)
- Howard (ii), Frederick, 5th Earl of Carlisle
- Isham, Thomas
- Jesuit Order
- John VI, King of Portugal (reg 1816-26)
- Josephine, Empress of the French (1763-1814)
- Jouin, Henry(-Auguste)
- La Live de Jully, Ange-Laurent de
- Lankrink, Prosper Henry
- Las Marismas del Guadalquivir, Alejandro María Aguado y Ramírez de Estemoz, Marqués de
- La Vrillière, Louis Phélypeaux de
- Lempereur, Jean-Denis, II
- Le Nôtre, André
- Ligne, Charles-Joseph-Emmanuel de, Prince (1759-92)
- Louis XIII, King of France (reg 1610-43)
- Louis XIV, King of France (reg 1643-1715)
- Lumague, Marc-Antoine (i) (d 1619)
- Manners, Charles, 4th Duke of Rutland
- Marie de Medici, Queen of France (1573-1642)
- Mariette, Pierre-Jean
- Marino, Giambattista
- Massimo, Camillo (Carlo), Cardinal
- Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal
- Medici, Giovanni Carlo de', Cardinal (1611-63)
- Meyers, Jacques
- Morice, Humphry
- Morrison, James
- Musée du Louvre (Paris)
- Orléans, Philippe II de Bourbon, 2nd Duc d' (1674-1723)
- Paignon-Dijonval
- Philip IV, King of Spain (reg 1621-65)
- Potocki, Stanislaw Kostka
- Pourtalès-Gorgier, James-Alexandre, Comte de
- Pozzo, Carlo Antonio dal, II
- Pozzo (Lumbroso), Cassiano dal
- Quentin de Lorangère
- Reynolds, Joshua
- Richards, John Inigo
- Richelieu, Armand-Jean Du Plessis, Cardinal de
- Roscioli, Giovanni Maria
- Rushout, John, 2nd Baron Northwick
- Ryabushinsky, Nikolay (Pavlovich)
- Savoy, Eugene of, Prince (1663-1736)
- Seignelay, Jean-Baptiste(-Antoine) Colbert, Marquis de
- Seymour-Conway, Richard, 4th Marquess of Hertford
- Tallard, Marie-Joseph d'Hostun, Duc de
- Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, Richard, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
- Tessin, Carl Gustav, Count
- Thibaudeau, Narcisse-Adolphe, Comte de
- Thiers, Louis-Antoine Crozat, Baron de
- Vassal de Saint-Hubert, Jean-Antoine-Hubert
- Vaudreuil, François, Comte de
- Walpole, Robert, 1st Earl of Orford (1676-1745)
- Watelet, Claude-Henri
- Wildenstein, Georges
- Williams-Wynn, Watkin, 4th Baronet, of Wynnstay (1749-89)
- pupils
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