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Poitevin, Alphonse Louis
(b Conflans-sur-Anille, Sarthe, ?1819; d Conflans-sur-Anille, 4 March 1882). French photographer, engineer and chemist. He began photographic research in 1842 while studying civil engineering at the Ecole Centrale, Paris, and continued during his career as a chemical engineer in government service. He is regarded as the practical founder of the carbon print process, photolithography and the collotype process. His inventions included methods for photochemical engraving and daguerreotype plates (c. 1842–8), gelatin negatives on glass (c. 1850–51), photolithography (1855), photoelectrotyping (‘hélio-plastie’, patented 1855) and direct paper positives and negatives in colour (results published 1859). From c. 1849 and during the 1850s he photographed his fellow workers at saltworks in the French Jura and landscapes near his family home, using a paper negative process (see Jammes and Parry Janis, pl. xiii).
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