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Plutynska, Eleonora
(b Vienna, 1886; d Warsaw, 1969). Polish textile artist and teacher. She studied painting in Kraków and Paris (as a student of Olga Boznanska, 1912–13) and then in Warsaw at the School of Fine Arts (1921–4). In 1926 she was a co-founder of Lad, an artists’ cooperative in Warsaw, which promoted contemporary Polish decorative arts. There she revived the Polish tradition of kilim weaving and experimented with vegetable dyes and the technical possibilities of the loom. Her major innovation, however, was to compose directly on the loom without a cartoon. From 1934 she studied the folk weaving of the district of Bialystok and worked with peasant weavers. She also reconstructed an obsolete technique for making double-weaving tapestries from the region of Grodno. Her work is characterized by its rhythmical arrangement of geometrical motifs of animals and flowers enclosed in a decorative border. It was shown at various international exhibitions, including Stockholm, Berlin (Gold medal) and the New York World’s Fair, 1939. From 1956 she was a professor at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts, where she initiated a school of highly individual contemporary textiles.
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