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Phalanx.
Exhibiting society founded by Vasily Kandinsky and others in Munich in 1901 and active until 1904 as an important manifestation of the Jugendstil aesthetic. Founded soon after Kandinsky’s departure from Franz von Stuck’s studio, it was the first group for which he served as the main driving force. The society was advertised in July 1901 in the Munich periodical Kunst für Alle as having ‘set for itself the task of furthering common interests in close association. Above all it intends to help overcome the difficulties that often stand in the way of young artists wishing to exhibit their work.’ The choice of name itself suggested the idea of a close association and also related to the concept of the phalanx propounded by the French philosopher Charles Fourier (1772–1837) as the basic unit of his Utopian society (see FOURIERISM). This social aspect also reflected the ideas of William Morris and other writers associated with the Arts and Crafts Movement and was an important principle in its structure. The society attempted to redress the sexual inequalities found in the Munich Akademie by allowing men and women equal access to exhibitions and to the school established in the winter of 1901–2 on Kandinsky’s initiative.
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