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Pan Tianshou [P’an T’ien-shou; zi Dayi; hao Shouzhe, Ashou, Landaoren]
(b Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, 1897; d Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1971). Chinese educator, calligrapher and painter. He was admired for his landscape, bird-and-flower and occasional figure painting, and his calligraphy in seal script (zhuanshu), clerical script (lishu), cursive script (caoshu) and especially running script (xingshu). He was also known as a teacher and scholar: his published works include a history of painting, another of calligraphy, discussions on seals and essays on art theory. He was born in a mountain village but was sent to school by his father, who was literate. Interested in painting, Pan began by copying illustrations from popular novels and at the age of 14 progressed to the Mustard-seed Garden Painting Manual ( Jieziyuan huapu; 1679 and 1691), a compilation specifically intended to instruct aspiring painters. At 19 he became a student at Zhejiang First Normal College, where he studied sketching, life drawing and Chinese painting. After graduation he returned to teach in a primary school in his native village, using his spare time to study calligraphy, seal-engraving, poetry and art theory. He moved to Shanghai in 1923 and became a teacher at the Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts. For the next two years he did research on the history and theories of Chinese painting, culminating in his History of Chinese Painting (Zhongguo huihua shi). While Pan was in Shanghai he was influenced by WU CHANGSHI’s powerful brushwork in calligraphy and fruit-and-flower painting.
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