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Noucentisme.
Cultural movement that influenced all areas of artistic activity in Catalonia between 1908 and 1923. The term was coined by the philosopher EUGENIO D’ORS, who used it to refer to a new ‘20th-century’ spirit that he perceived in Catalan art at the beginning of the century. In a series of articles in periodicals d’Ors qualified as Noucentistes those artists and writers whose work in his opinion was characterized by a new sensibility, and the designation was established in 1911 with the publication of the Almanac dels Noucentistes, a collection of drawings and poems that had in common a reversion to classicism, a particular interest in urban life and a special concern for the determining aspects of private life. Noucentisme was influential in Catalan art for more than two decades and constituted a parallel movement to that of avant-garde art, towards which, however, it showed only a detached curiosity. Noucentisme encouraged a return to order and normality after the radicalism, bohemianism and individualism that had characterized some of the major figures of modernism. Among painters, its leading exponents were JOAQUÍM SUNYER, Jaume Mercadé (1887–1967), Francesc Galí (1880–1965) and (in their early work) Josep Torres García (1874–1949) and JOAN MIRÓ, while in sculpture the leading figures were ARISTIDE MAILLOL, MANOLO, JOSEP CLARÀ, Fidel Aguilar and, to some extent, PABLO GARGALLO. In architecture, the classicizing aspects of the Vienna Secession (see SECESSION, §3) influenced Rafael Massó and Joseph Maria Pericas, while a stricter classicism marked the work of Adolf Florensa (1889–1968), Francesc Folquera (1891–1960), the brothers Ramón (1887–1935) and Josep (1886–1937) Puig Gairalt and Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí (1891–1981). Other influences derived from Modernisme, the Catalan version of Art Nouveau, were introduced by such architects as J. PUIG I CADAFALCH and J. Torres Grau (1879–1945). Noucentisme also inspired the foundation of such cultural institutions as the Universitat Industrial, the Escola Nova, the Bernat Metge Foundation (for the translation into Catalan of Greek and Latin classics) and the Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
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