Term established early in the 19th century in England to describe the style of Romanesque art common to Normandy and areas of Norman conquest, particularly England where, in the interests of precision, it is now more usually known as ‘Anglo-Norman’ (see ROMANESQUE, §II, 5 and 6). In France it is used without such a precise stylistic and chronological connotation and refers simply to architecture in Normandy, the region of north-west France named after its Viking (‘northmen’) invaders. Norman architecture, with its magnificent scale and bold composition, is generally regarded as their greatest area of interest and achievement. While by no means uniform, Norman churches typically consist of an elevation of three almost equal storeys, with large galleries and a twin-towered façade.

• Romanesque... (cont.)
  • mouldings
    • Moulding
    • Moulding, §III, 1: Romanesque
    • Moulding, §III, 2(ii): Early and High Gothic: Vault ribs
    • Moulding, §III, 3(i)(c): Later Gothic: Angular mouldings
    • angle-fillet
      • Moulding, §II: Types
    • face roll
      • Moulding, §II: Types
    • hollow roll
      • Moulding, §II: Types
  • narratives
    • Narrative art, §V, 2: Western world: Medieval Europe, &c AD 700–c 1300
  • oliphants
    • Oliphant
  • orders (architecture)
    • Orders, architectural, §I, 2(ii): History and theory: Medieval
  • painters
    • Romanesque, §IV, 1(v): Wall painting: Production
  • painting
    • Romanesque, §IV: Painting
    • Austria
      • Austria, §III, 1(i): Romanesque painting
    • Czech Republic
      • Czech Republic, §IV, 1: Painting and graphic arts, before 1620
    • France
      • France, §III, 1(ii): Painting and graphic arts: Romanesque
    • Germany
      • Germany, §III, 1(ii): Painting, before c 1400: Ottonian and Romanesque
    • Norway
      • Norway, §III, 1: Painting and graphic arts, before c 1350
    • Spain
      • Taüll, S Climente and S María
    • wall
      • Romanesque, §IV, 1: Wall painting
      • Romanesque, §IV, 1(iii)(b): Wall painting: Secular subject-matter
      • Wall painting, §I, 4(ii): Western medieval
      • Wall painting, §II, 1(ii): Causes of deterioration: Painting methods
      • Austria
        • Austria, §III, 1(i)(a): Romanesque wall paintings
        • Benedictine Order, §2: Iconography and patronage
        • Lambach Abbey
        • Romanesque, §IV, 1(ii)(b): Wall painting: Stylistic development, after c 1130
      • Belgium
        • Romanesque, §IV, 1(i): Wall painting: Introduction
      • Denmark
        • Denmark, §III, 1: Painting and graphic arts, before c 1540
      • France
        • Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe
      • Georgia
        • David Garedzhi
      • Italy
        • Anagni
        • Civate, S Pietro al Monte
        • Rome, §V, 17(ii)(b): S Clemente, lower church: Decoration
      • Serbia
        • Serbia, §III, 1(i): Monumental painting, before 1459
      • Spain
        • Sigena Monastery, §1: Chapter house paintings
      • Sweden
        • Sweden, §III, 1: Painting and graphic arts, before c 1550
  • palaces
    • Gelnhausen Palace
  • patronage
    • Romanesque, §IV, 1(iv): Wall painting: Patronage
  • piers (ii) (masonry)
    • Pier (ii), §1: Types
    • Pier (ii), §2: History and development
    • York, §III, 1(i)(a): Minster: Architecture, c 1080–c 1225
  • pinnacles
    • Pinnacle, §2: Decoration
  • portals
    • Denmark
      • Denmark, §IV, 1: Sculpture, before c 1540
    • France
      • Aulnay, St Pierre
      • Bourges, §II, 1(ii)(a): Cathedral sculpture: Lateral portals
      • Souillac Abbey
    • Italy
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(b): Stone sculpture: Lombardy
    • porch
      • Matilda of Canossa
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(c): Stone sculpture: Emilia-Romagna
      • Wiligelmo
    • Spain
      • Ávila, §2(ii)(b): S Vicente sculpture
      • León, §II, 2(i)(b): S Isidoro: Church sculpture
      • Santiago de Compostela, §1(ii): Cathedral sculpture
  • portraits
    • Canterbury, §II: Centre of manuscript production
  • pulpits
    • Modena, §1(ii)(b): Cathedral sculpture: Second phase
    • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(h): Stone sculpture: Campania
    • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(i): Stone sculpture: Apulia
  • red lead
    • Pigment, §VI, 3: Red lead
  • roofs
    • Timber structure, §II, 2(ii)(a): Roofs: Europe in the early Middle Ages
    • Timber structure, §II, 2(ii)(a): Roofs: Europe in the early Middle Ages
  • ropework
    • Ropework
  • sandstone
    • Netherlands,the, §IV, 1(i): Sculpture, before c 1380
    • Poland, §IV, 1: Sculpture, before c 1250
  • scripts
    • Script, §2(i): Late Antique and early medieval
  • sculpture
    • Romanesque, §III: Sculpture
    • animal subjects
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(b): Stone sculpture: England
    • architectural
      • Austria
        • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix)(e): Stone sculpture: Austria
      • Belgium
        • Tournai, §4(ii): Cathedral sculpture
      • England
        • Canterbury, §III, 2: Cathedral sculpture
      • France
        • Autun, §2(ii)(a): Cathedral sculpture: Choir
        • Autun, §2(ii)(d): Cathedral sculpture: West portal
      • Scotland
        • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(c): Stone sculpture: Scotland
    • Austria
      • Austria, §IV, 1: Sculpture, before c 1400: Romanesque and Gothic
    • Belgium
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(viii): Stone sculpture: Low Countries
      • Romanesque, §III, 2(v): Wood sculpture: Low Countries
    • Britain
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v): Stone sculpture: British Isles
    • column statues
      • Châlons-sur-Marne, Notre-Dame-en-Vaux
      • Column statue
    • Croatia
      • Croatia, §III, 1: Painting, graphic arts and sculpture, before 1800
    • Czech Republic
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(x)(c): Stone sculpture: Bohemia and Moravia
    • England
      • Lincoln, §2(ii)(a): Cathedral sculpture: West façade
      • Romanesque, §III, 2(iii): Wood sculpture: British Isles
    • France
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii): Stone sculpture: France
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(d): Stone sculpture: Western France
      • Languedoc
        • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(g): Stone sculpture: Languedoc
      • Roussillon
        • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(i): Stone sculpture: Roussillon
    • Germany
      • Germany, §IV, 1(i): Carolingian, Ottonian and Romanesque sculpture
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix)(b): Stone sculpture: Saxony, Westphalia and Lower Rhineland
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix)(d): Stone sculpture: Bavaria
    • Holy Roman Empire (before 1648)
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix)(a): Stone sculpture in the Holy Roman Empire: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix): Stone sculpture: Holy Roman Empire
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix)(c): Stone sculpture: Upper Rhineland and Alsace
      • Romanesque, §III, 2(vi): Wood sculpture: Holy Roman Empire
    • Hungary
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(x)(a): Stone sculpture in Eastern Europe: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(x)(d): Stone sculpture: Hungary
    • Ireland
      • Clonfert Cathedral
    • Italy
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(a): Stone sculpture in Italy: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi): Stone sculpture: Italy
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(g): Stone sculpture: Abruzzi and Umbria
      • Romanesque, §III, 2(iv): Wood sculpture: Italy
      • Veneto
        • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(d): Stone sculpture: Veneto
    • Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vii): Stone sculpture: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
    • Norway
      • Stave church, §2: Sculpture
      • Trondheim, §2(ii): Cathedral sculpture
    • palmesels
      • Romanesque, §III, 2: Wood sculpture
    • Poland
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(x)(b): Stone sculpture: Poland
    • Portugal
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(iv): Stone sculpture: Portugal
      • Romanesque, §III, 2(viii): Wood sculpture: Portugal
    • relief
      • Czech Republic
        • Czech Republic, §III, 1: Sculpture, c 1100–c 1450
      • France
        • Moissac, St Pierre, §1: Cloister
        • Moissac, St Pierre, §2: Tower porch portal
        • Vézelay, Ste Madeleine, §2(ii): Sculpture: West portal of the nave
      • Hungary
        • Pécs, §2: Cathedral
      • Italy
        • Bari (i), §2(ii): S Nicola: Sculpture
        • Ferrara, §4(i): Cathedral
        • Parma, §2(i): Cathedral
        • Parma, §2(ii): Baptistery
        • Verona, §3(ii): S Zeno Maggiore
      • Spain
        • Romanesque, §III, 1(iii)(b): Stone sculpture: Galicia, León, Castile, Navarre and Aragon
    • religious
    • Sicily
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(j): Stone sculpture: Sicily
    • Spain
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(iii): Stone sculpture: Spain
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(iii)(b): Stone sculpture: Galicia, León, Castile, Navarre and Aragon
      • Spain, §IV, 1: Sculpture, before c 1500
    • stone
      • Romanesque, §III, 1: Stone sculpture
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ix)(f): Stone sculpture: Switzerland
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(x): Stone sculpture: Eastern Europe
    • Sweden
      • Lund, §1(ii): Cathedral sculpture
    • Wales
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(d): Stone sculpture: Wales
  • shields
    • Heraldry, §II, 1(i): Western art of heraldry: The shield
  • stained glass
    • Le Mans, §1(iii): Cathedral stained glass
    • Romanesque, §IX: Stained glass
    • Romanesque, §IX, 2: Stained glass: Production
    • Romanesque, §IX, 5: Stained glass: Transitional
  • styles
    • First Romanesque
      • see also OTTONIAN
    • Norman style
      • Rickman, Thomas
  • symbolism (critical term)
    • Romanesque, §IX, 1: Stained glass: Symbolism
  • thick-wall structures
    • Thick-wall structure
  • thrones
    • Throne, §II, 1(i): Europe, before c 1500: Ecclesiastical