Term established early in the 19th century in England to describe the style of Romanesque art common to Normandy and areas of Norman conquest, particularly England where, in the interests of precision, it is now more usually known as ‘Anglo-Norman’ (see ROMANESQUE, §II, 5 and 6). In France it is used without such a precise stylistic and chronological connotation and refers simply to architecture in Normandy, the region of north-west France named after its Viking (‘northmen’) invaders. Norman architecture, with its magnificent scale and bold composition, is generally regarded as their greatest area of interest and achievement. While by no means uniform, Norman churches typically consist of an elevation of three almost equal storeys, with large galleries and a twin-towered façade.

• Romanesque... (cont.)
  • churches... (cont.)
    • England... (cont.)
      • Gloucester, §2(i): Cathedral, before 1327
      • London, §V, 4: Tower of London
      • Oxford, §1(i): History and urban development, before c 1535
      • France
        • Loches, §2: St Ours
        • Nevers, §2: St Etienne
        • Poitiers, §2(iii): Notre-Dame-la-Grande
        • Reims, §IV, 3(i): St Remi: Architecture
        • Toulouse, §2(i)(a): St Sernin: Architecture
        • Toulouse, §2(i)(b): St Sernin: Sculpture
        • Vézelay, Ste Madeleine, §1: Architecture
        • Vienne, §2(iii): St Pierre
      • Germany
        • Alternating system
        • Cologne, §IV, 2(i): St Gereon: Architecture
        • Cologne, §IV, 6(i): St Pantaleon: Architecture
        • Eberbach Abbey, §1: Abbey church
        • Hildesheim, §2(i): St Michael: Architecture
      • hall
        • Romanesque, §II, 5(iv): Architecture: Poitou and Saintonge
      • Hungary
        • Ják Abbey
      • Italy
        • Arezzo
        • Bari (i), §2(i): S Nicola: Architecture
        • Bologna, §IV, 3: S Stefano
        • Brescia
        • Florence, §IV, 7: S Miniato al Monte
        • Milan, §IV, 2(i): S Ambrogio: Architecture
        • Rome, §V, 21(i): S Maria in Trastevere: Architecture
        • Treviso
      • Netherlands, the
        • Maastricht, §2: St Servatius
        • Netherlands,the, §II, 1(ii)(a): Architecture, before c 1200: Romanesque
        • Netherlands, the, §II, 1(ii)(b): Architecture, before c 1200: Romanesque
      • Palestine
        • Jerusalem, §II, 2(ii): Church of the Holy Sepulchre, after 1099
      • Poland
        • Strzelno Abbey, §1(ii): Abbey church: Sculpture
      • Scotland
        • St Andrews, §1: Cathedral
        • Scotland, §II, 2(i)(a): Architecture, c AD 1000–c 1680: Medieval ecclesiastical buildings
      • sepulchre
        • Sepulchre church
      • Spain
        • León, §II, 2(i)(a): S Isidoro: Church architecture
    • cloisters
      • Basle, §1(i): Before 1500
      • Benevento
      • Cloister, §2(i): Sculpture: Romanesque cloisters
      • Cloister, §2: Sculpture
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(h): Stone sculpture: Provence
    • columns
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(i): Stone sculpture: Introduction
    • combs (liturgical)
      • Comb, liturgical
    • copper
      • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(b): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Copper and iron
    • crosiers
      • Crosier
      • Romanesque, §VI, 5: Metalwork: Eastern Europe
    • crosses
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(e): Stone sculpture: Ireland
      • Romanesque, §VIII, 3: Ivories: England
    • crucifixes
      • England
        • England, §IX, 2(i)(a): Base metalwork, before 1450: Copper alloys
      • Italy
        • Crucifix, §2: Painted
      • Spain
        • Romanesque, §III, 2(ii): Wood sculpture: Spain
        • Romanesque, §VIII, 5: Ivories: Spain
      • Sweden
        • Romanesque, §III, 2(vii): Wood sculpture: Scandinavia
        • Sweden, §IV, 1: Sculpture, before c 1650
    • crypts
      • Crypt, §2: Later developments
      • Hexham Abbey
    • devotional images
      • Devotional objects and popular images
    • diaper
      • Diaper
    • dictionaries
      • Encyclopedias and dictionaries of art, §VI: After 1900
    • domes
      • Dome, §2: Types
      • Dome, §3: History
    • door fittings
      • Romanesque, §VI, 10: Metalwork: Scandinavia
    • doors
      • Austria
        • Door, §II, 1(i): Western world, before c 1400: Wood
      • France
        • Romanesque, §III, 2(i): Wood sculpture: France
      • Holy Roman Empire (before 1648)
        • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
      • Italy
        • Italy, §IV, 2(iii): Lombard, Romanesque & Gothic sculpture, 6th–14th centuries
      • Sweden
        • Door, §II, 1(iii): Western world, before c 1400: Iron
    • doorways
      • Kilpeck Church
    • drawings
      • Setting out
    • embroidery
      • Hungary, §X, 2: Embroidery
      • Romanesque, §X: Textiles
    • enamel
      • Romanesque, §VII: Enamels
      • Belgium
        • Romanesque, §VII, 2: Enamels: Meuse region and Rhineland
      • champlevé
        • Enamel, §2(ii): Champlevé
        • Romanesque, §VII, 1: Enamels: Southern France and Spain
      • Denmark
        • Romanesque, §VII, 3: Enamels: England and Denmark
      • France
        • Conques, Ste Foy, §2: Treasury
    • entasis
      • Entasis
    • façade decoration
      • Façade decoration, §III, 3: Sculpture: Medieval and early Renaissance
    • floors
      • Romanesque, §V, 2: Floor mosaics
    • fonts (baptismal)
      • England, §IX, 2(i)(b): Base metalwork, before 1450: Tin, lead, pewter and iron
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(b): Stone sculpture: England
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(xi): Stone sculpture: Scandinavia
      • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
    • fountains
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(e): Stone sculpture: Tuscany
    • galleries (ii) (corridors)
      • Germany, §II, 1(ii)(a): Ottonian and Romanesque architecture, 10th century–late 11th
    • gold
      • Light, §1: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §VI, 4(i): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Gold and silver
      • Shrine, §I, 2: Europe, from c AD 750 to the Reformation
    • granges
      • Provins
    • halls
      • Lincoln, §1: History and urban development
    • iconography
      • Christianity, §III, 3(i): Iconography: Western Church, before 1500
      • Romanesque, §IV, 1(ii)(a): Wall painting: Stylistic development, c 1050–c 1130
      • Romanesque, §IV, 1(iii)(a): Wall painting: Religious subject-matter
      • Romanesque, §IX, 4: Stained glass: Iconography
    • initials (manuscript)
      • Dress, §IV, 2: 12th century
      • Dress, §IV, 3: 13th century
      • Initial, manuscript
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2(v): Manuscript painting: Decoration
      • England
        • Manuscript, §III, 2(ii)(b): Types of illustrated text: Scholarly
        • Saints’ lives, §1: Manuscript
        • Winchester Bible
    • ivory-carvings
      • Ivory, §3(ii): Medieval
      • Romanesque, §VIII: Ivories
      • Romanesque, §VIII, 2: Ivories: France
      • Romanesque, §VIII, 4: Ivories: Italy
    • limestone
      • Cluniac Order, §III, 2(ii): Cluny Abbey sculpture: West portal
      • France, §IV, 1(i): Early Medieval sculpture
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(b): Stone sculpture: England
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(b): Stone sculpture: England
    • manuscript illumination
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2(i): Manuscript painting: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2: Manuscript painting
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2(ii): Manuscript painting: Patronage and production
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2(iii): Manuscript painting: Types of illustrated text
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2(iv): Manuscript painting: Text and image
      • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi): Manuscript painting: Stylistic development
      • Austria
        • Austria, §III, 1(i)(b): Romanesque manuscript illumination
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(e): Manuscript painting: Holy Roman Empire
      • England
        • Calendar, §2: Manuscript illustrations
        • England, §III, 1(ii): Painting and graphic arts, c 1066–c 1450
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(d): Manuscript painting: England
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(g): Manuscript painting: Late Romanesque and Transitional
        • St Albans, §2: Centre of manuscript production
        • Winchester, §II: Centre of manuscript production
      • France
        • Encyclopedia, manuscript
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(c): Manuscript painting: France
        • Rouen, §II: Art life and organization
      • Germany
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(e): Manuscript painting: Holy Roman Empire
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(e): Manuscript painting: Holy Roman Empire
        • Wolfenbüttel
      • Italy
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(a): Manuscript painting: Italy
    • manuscripts
      • Henry of Blois
      • Manuscript, §II, 1(ii): Production and trade: Romanesque
    • marble
      • Antelami, Benedetto
      • Bari (i), §2(iii): S Nicola: Bari Throne
      • Campionesi, §1: 12th–13th centuries
      • Modena, §1(ii)(a): Cathedral sculpture: First phase
    • metalwork
      • Romanesque, §VI, 1: Metalwork: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §VI: Metalwork
      • Belgium
        • Romanesque, §VI, 3: Metalwork: Low countries
      • Holy Roman Empire (before 1648)
        • Romanesque, §VI, 4: Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire
      • Portugal
        • Romanesque, §VI, 8: Metalwork: Portugal
      • Spain
        • Romanesque, §VI, 7: Metalwork: Spain
    • miniatures (manuscript illumination)
      • Miniature, §I: Manuscript
      • England
        • Bury St Edmunds, §2: Centre of manuscript production
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(d): Manuscript painting: England
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(d): Manuscript painting: England
      • France
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(c): Manuscript painting: France
      • Germany
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(e): Manuscript painting: Holy Roman Empire
      • Italy
        • Exultet rolls
        • Montecassino, §2(i): Centre of manuscript production
        • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(a): Manuscript painting: Italy
    • monasteries
      • Austria
        • Lilienfeld Abbey
      • Cistercian Order
        • Mellifont Abbey
      • Cluniac Order
        • Cluniac Order, §III, 1(ii)(d): Cluny Abbey architecture: Cluny III: Narthex and other buildings
      • England
        • York, §III, 2(i): St Mary’s Abbey: The Romanesque church
      • France
        • Saint-Gilles-du-Gard Abbey
      • Poland
        • Wachock Abbey
    • mosaics
      • Mosaic, §II, 1(iv): Historical survey: Western world: Medieval
      • Romanesque, §V, 1: Wall mosaics
      • Romanesque, §V: Mosaics
      • Italy
        • Monreale Cathedral, §3: Mosaics
        • Rome, §V, 17(iii)(c): S Clemente, upper church: Mosaics
      • Sicily
        • Cefalù, §2: Cathedral mosaics
        • Palermo, §II, 2(ii): Royal Palace: Cappella Palatina
        • Palermo, §II, 3: S Maria dell’Ammiraglio