Term established early in the 19th century in England to describe the style of Romanesque art common to Normandy and areas of Norman conquest, particularly England where, in the interests of precision, it is now more usually known as ‘Anglo-Norman’ (see ROMANESQUE, §II, 5 and 6). In France it is used without such a precise stylistic and chronological connotation and refers simply to architecture in Normandy, the region of north-west France named after its Viking (‘northmen’) invaders. Norman architecture, with its magnificent scale and bold composition, is generally regarded as their greatest area of interest and achievement. While by no means uniform, Norman churches typically consist of an elevation of three almost equal storeys, with large galleries and a twin-towered façade.

• Romanesque
  • Romanesque
  • Romanesque, §I: Introduction
  • acanthus
    • Acanthus, §1: Early development, before c 1600
  • alabaster (gypsum)
    • England, §II, 2: Architecture, 1066–c 1530
  • altarpieces
    • Altarpiece, §2(ii)(a): Forms and development: Before c 1400
  • altars
    • Eilbertus of Cologne
    • Roger of Helmarshausen
  • alternating systems
    • Romanesque, §II, 1: Architecture: Introduction
    • Romanesque, §II, 2: Architecture: Holy Roman Empire
  • ambulatories
    • Ambulatory
    • Crypt, §1: Before c AD 1000
  • antependia
    • Spain, §III, 1(ii): Painting and graphic arts, before c 1500: Romanesque
  • apses
    • Caen, §1(i): St Etienne: Architecture
  • aquamanilia
    • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
  • arcades
    • Blind arcade
  • arches
    • Arch, §2: Types
    • Arch, §2: Types
    • Arch, §2: Types
    • Arch, §2: Types
    • Arch, §3(iv): Western Europe and its influence
    • relieving
      • Arch, §2: Types
  • architectural decorations
    • Chevron
  • architecture
    • Romanesque, §II: Architecture
    • Romanesque, §II, 1(ii): Architecture: Chronological extent
    • Romanesque, §II, 6(i)(a): Architecture: England and Wales
    • Romanesque, §II, 6: Architecture: British Isles
    • Romanesque, §II, 8: Architecture: Eastern Europe
    • Belarus'
      • Belarus’, §I: Architecture
    • Belgium
      • Tournai, §4(i)(a): Cathedral architecture: Nave and transepts
    • Catalonia
      • Cardona, S Vicente
    • Cistercian Order
      • Romanesque, §II, 6(i)(c): Architecture: Cistercian England and Wales
      • Romanesque, §II, 6(iii): Architecture: Ireland
    • Croatia
      • Croatia, §II: Architecture
    • Czech Republic
      • Czech Republic, §II, 1: Architecture, before the 1620s
    • Denmark
      • Ribe, §1: Cathedral
      • Romanesque, §II, 7(i): Architecture: Denmark and southern Sweden
    • England
      • Anglo-Saxon art, §II, 3(iv): Architecture: Second half of the 11th century
      • London, §V, 2(i): Westminster Abbey: Architecture
      • Romanesque, §II, 6(i): Architecture: England and Wales
    • First Romanesque
      • Romanesque, §II, 3(i): Architecture: Central Italy
      • Romanesque, §II, 3(ii): Architecture: North Italy
      • Romanesque, §II, 4: Architecture: Spain
    • France
      • Brick, §II, 3(i)(e): France, before 1600
      • France, §II, 1(ii): Romanesque and Gothic architecture, 11th century to the late 15th
      • Paray-le-Monial
      • Romanesque, §II, 1(iii): Architecture: Geographical extent
      • Romanesque, §II, 5: Architecture: France
      • Romanesque, §II, 5(i)(b): Architecture in Burgundy: Second Romanesque
      • Saint-Martin-du-Canigou, Abbey of
      • Tournus, St Philibert
    • Germany
      • Germany, §II, 1(ii): Ottonian and Romanesque architecture
      • Jerichow Abbey
      • Romanesque, §II, 2(i)(a): Architecture, before the late 11th century: Saxony
    • Ireland
      • Cashel, §1: Architecture
      • Clonmacnois Monastery, §1: Architecture
      • Glendalough
      • Ireland, §II, 1: Architecture, before c 1680
    • Italy
      • Italy, §II, 2(ii): Architecture: Romanesque, 11th–13th centuries
      • Romanesque, §II, 3: Architecture: Italy
      • Romanesque, §II, 3(iii): Architecture: South Italy
    • Netherlands, the
      • Netherlands,the, §II, 1(ii): Architecture, before c 1200: Romanesque
    • Norman see England; France; Sicily
    • Norway
      • Romanesque, §II, 7(ii): Architecture: Norway
    • Poland
      • Poland, §II, 1: Architecture, before c 1500
    • Portugal
      • Portugal, §II, 1: Architecture, before c 1500
    • Sardinia
      • Sardinia, §2: 238 BC and after
    • Scandinavia
      • Romanesque, §II, 7: Architecture: Scandinavia
    • Scotland
      • Romanesque, §II, 6(ii): Architecture: Scotland
    • Second Romanesque
      • Romanesque, §II, 2(i)(b): Architecture, before the late 11th century: Rhineland
    • Sicily
      • Islamic art, §II, 5(ii)(b): Architecture, c AD 900–c 1250: Sicily
      • Sicily, §3: c AD 300–c 1500
    • Slovakia
      • Slovakia, §II: Architecture
    • Slovenia
      • Slovenia, §II: Architecture
    • Spain
      • Spain, §II, 1(ii): Architecture, before c 1500: Romanesque, Gothic and Mudéjar
    • Sweden
      • Romanesque, §II, 7(iii): Architecture: Central Sweden
    • Transitional style
      • Transitional style
  • archivolts
    • Lincoln, §2(ii)(b): Cathedral sculpture: Later sculpture
  • astronomical manuscripts
    • Romanesque, §IV, 2(iii)(b): Manuscript painting: Secular texts
  • baleen
    • Ornament and pattern, §II, 2(iii): Western medieval, c early 11th century–late 14th
  • baptisteries
    • Baptistery, §3: Western medieval
    • Florence, §IV, 1(ii)(a): Baptistery architecture
  • beakheads
    • Beakhead
    • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(a): Stone sculpture in the British Isles: Introduction
    • Romanesque, §III, 1(v)(b): Stone sculpture: England
  • bells
    • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
  • Bibles
    • Bible, §I, 1(ii)(b): Medieval Christian manuscript, c 1070–c 1450
    • Romanesque, §IV, 2(iii)(a): Manuscript painting: Religious texts
    • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(a): Manuscript painting: Italy
    • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(b): Manuscript painting: Meuse region
    • Romanesque, §IV, 2(vi)(f): Manuscript painting: Spain
  • billets
    • Billet
  • bookbindings
    • Bookbinding, §I, 1(ii): Boards
  • book covers
    • Bookbinding, §II, 1(i): Cover decoration, before c 1400
    • Romanesque, §VIII, 1: Ivories: Meuse region and Rhineland
  • bosses
    • Boss, Roof
  • brass
    • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
  • bronze
    • Reliquary, §I, 4: Ottonian and Romanesque
    • Romanesque, §VI, 9: Metalwork: Italy
    • England
      • England, §IX, 1(i): Gold and silver, before 1450
    • France
      • Romanesque, §VI, 2: Metalwork: France
    • Holy Roman Empire (before 1648)
      • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
  • candelabra
    • Romanesque, §VI, 4(ii)(a): Metalwork in the Holy Roman Empire: Bronze and brass
  • candlesticks
    • Romanesque, §III, 1(vi)(f): Stone sculpture: Lazio
    • Romanesque, §VI, 6: Metalwork: British Isles
  • capitals
    • Capital
    • Catalonia
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(iii)(c): Stone sculpture: Catalonia
      • Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa
    • France
      • Caen, §2: La Trinité
      • Christianity, §IV, 2(ii): Western monastic: Art
      • Cluniac Order, §III, 2(i): Cluny Abbey sculpture: Hemicycle capitals
      • Jumièges Abbey, §3: Notre-Dame
      • Morienval, Notre-Dame
      • Poitiers, §2(iv): St Hilaire-le-Grand
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(a): Stone sculpture in France: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(b): Stone sculpture: Normandy
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(c): Stone sculpture: Middle Loire Valley
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(e): Stone sculpture: Auvergne
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(ii)(f): Stone sculpture: Burgundy
      • Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire , abbey church of, §2(i): Sculpture: Romanesque
      • Saintes, §1(ii): St Eutrope: Sculpture
      • Toulouse, §2(ii)(c): La Daurade: Sculpture
    • Netherlands, the
      • Maastricht, §2(ii): St Servatius: Sculpture
    • Sicily
      • Monreale Cathedral, §4: Sculpture
    • Spain
      • León, §II, 2(ii)(b): S Isidoro: Panteón de los Reyes: Sculpture
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(iii)(a): Stone sculpture in Spain: Introduction
      • Romanesque, §III, 1(iii)(b): Stone sculpture: Galicia, León, Castile, Navarre and Aragon
      • Silos, S Domingo
    • volute
      • Ely Cathedral, §2: Sculpture
  • carpets
    • Halberstadt
  • castles
    • Dover Castle
    • Romanesque, §II, 1(i): Architecture: Social and political context
    • Wartburg, Schloss
  • cathedrals
    • Austria
      • Gurk Cathedral, §1: Architecture
    • England
      • Durham, §1(i)(a): Cathedral architecture: The Anglo-Norman church
      • Ely Cathedral, §1(i): Architecture: Romanesque church
      • Galilee
      • Norwich, §3(i)(a): Cathedral architecture
      • Norwich, §3(i): Cathedral
      • Winchester, §III, 1(ii)(a): Cathedral architecture, 1079–c 1200
    • France
      • Architectural conservation and restoration, §2: c 1800–c 1900
      • Cahors, §1: Cathedral
      • Romanesque, §II, 5(iii): Architecture: South-western France
    • Germany
      • Germany, §II, 1(ii)(b): Ottonian and Romanesque architecture, late 11th century–early 13th
      • Mainz, §2(i)(a): Cathedral architecture
      • Romanesque, §II, 2(ii): Architecture: Holy Roman Empire, late 11th century and the 12th
      • Speyer, §1(i): Cathedral: Building I
      • Trier, §3(ii): Cathedral and Liebfrauenkirche: The cathedral after 1037
    • Italy
      • Genoa, §1: History and urban development
      • Lucca, §3: Cathedral
      • Modena, §1(i): Cathedral architecture
      • Orvieto, §2(ii)(a): Modern town: Cathedral architecture
      • Parma, §1: History and urban development
      • Pavia, §2(ii)(a): S Michele: Architecture
      • Pisa, §III, 1: Cathedral complex
      • Pisa, §III, 1(i)(a): Architecture: Cathedral
      • Pisa, §III, 1(ii)(b): Sculpture: Baptistery
      • Venice, §I, 3: History and urban development, 1454–1797
    • Montenegro
      • Montenegro, §I: Architecture
    • Poland
      • Kraków, §IV, 1: Wawel Castle
      • Kraków, §IV, 2(i): Wawel Cathedral: Main church
    • Portugal
      • Lisbon, §1(i): History, urban development and art life, before c 1500
    • Romania
      • Romania, §II, 1: Architecture: c 1000–c 1500
    • Sicily
      • Monreale Cathedral, §2: Architecture
      • Palermo, §II, 1: Cathedral and archbishop’s palace
      • Salerno, §1(i): Cathedral architecture
    • Spain
      • Romanesque, §II, 4(ii): Architecture in Spain: Second Romanesque
    • Sweden
      • Lund, §1(i): Cathedral architecture
  • censers
    • Censer
  • chalices
    • Chalice
  • chapels
    • England
      • York, §I, 2: History and urban development, 1066–c 1450
  • chapter houses
    • Chapter house, §1: Architecture
  • choir-stalls
    • Choir-stalls, §3(i): Medieval
  • chrysography
    • Chrysography
  • churches
    • Church, §II, 3(i)(c): Roman Catholic liturgical arrangement: Early Romanesque developments
    • basilicas
      • Church, §I, 1(iii): Basilican: Medieval Europe
    • Belgium
      • Ghent, §III, 1(i): St Bavo: The abbey church
      • Nivelles, Ste Gertrude
    • centrally planned
      • Church, §I, 2(iii): Centrally planned: Medieval Europe
    • Denmark
      • Denmark, §II, 1(ii): Architecture, before 1540: Romanesque
    • England