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Marcu, Duiliu
(b Calafat, 23 March 1885; d Bucharest, 9 March 1966). Romanian architect, urban planner, teacher and theorist. He graduated in 1906 from the Academy of Architecture, Bucharest, and in 1912 from the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. His early buildings were influenced by the ‘neo-Romanian’ style of ION MINCU, which tended towards Byzantine Revival decoration. Marcu’s buildings in this style include the Polytechnic (1923), theatre and students hostel (1924), all in Timisoara, as well as the Romanian Pavilion at the Exposició Internacional (1929), Barcelona. He then developed a practical architecture that primarily addressed public needs and was characterized by a severe mood imparted by strongly balanced horizontals and verticals, rectangular plans and volumes and 20th-century techniques and materials, such as reinforced concrete, steel and glass. The luxurious façades are finished with marble and travertine. Examples in Bucharest include the Autonomous Monopolies Building (1934–41; now the Ministry of Industry) at Calea Victoriei 152, the Romanian Railways Building, Palatul CFR (1936–47; with Stefan Calugareanu (1904–75) and P. E. Miclescu (b 1901); now the Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications) and the Magistrates’ Credit Building (1937–8), Magheru Boulevard 22–4, the façade of which closely resembles those by Horia Creanga. Marcu also executed major urban planning projects at Unirea Square (1926), Oradea, the city centre (1935–6), Buzau, and the civic centre (1943–5), Brasov, and wrote studies in this field. Between 1929 and 1957 he taught at the Ion Mincu Academy of Architecture, Bucharest. He was also a member of the Romanian Academy from 1943 and president (1952–66) of the Romanian Architects Union.
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