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	Manual, manuscript. Technical handbook on manuscript painting. Most such manuals are short sections within manuscripts containing miscellaneous texts, rather than independent books. Among the many manuals on painting techniques, few are solely devoted to manuscript painting (see TREATISE, §II). The famous treatises of THEOPHILUS and CENNINO CENNINI contain only brief references to manuscripts in the sections on pigments, ink and the application of gold. Some texts on pigments seem to be primarily concerned with their use for painting in books: Heraclius’ DE COLORIBUS ET ARTIBUS ROMANORUM; the 12th-century De coloribus et mixtionibus, which was added to the 8th- or 9th-century MAPPAE CLAVICULA; the treatise (c. 1300) of Peter of St Omer; and several 15th-century technical treatises. In some of these works it is evident that the author was a practising craftsman, whereas others are collections of pigment recipes, without detailed practical instructions.
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	manuals Dissemination, §2(ii): The means of dissemination historical and regional traditions Burma Burma, §XI: Art education Islamic Islamic art, §I, 1(ii): Definition: Constraints individual manuscripts Regius MS. (London, BL, Bibl. Reg. 17 AI) Mason (i), §III, 2(i): Lodge organization: The `Constitutions of Masonry’: England types aesthetics Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino antiquities Tani Buncho architecture Bertotti Scamozzi, Ottavio China, §II, 1(i)(a): Architectural structure and materials: Timber China, §II, 1(i)(c): Architectural structure and materials: Timber supporting elements China, §II, 1(i)(d): Architectural structure and materials: Timber roof Encyclopedias and dictionaries of art, §II: 1700–50 Encyclopedias and dictionaries of art, §IV: 1801–50 Indian subcontinent, §III, 3(i): Architecture, 6th century BC–3rd century AD: Cities and palaces Indian subcontinent, §III, 8(i): 19th century–1947: Late colonial architecture Indian subcontinent, §IV, 1: Urban planning, c 3000–c 500 BC Belgium Renard, Bruno China Bracket system, §1: China England Moulding, §I: Introduction Palladianism, §4: Diffusion France Aviler, Augustin-Charles d’ Bullet: (1) Pierre Bullet Du Cerceau: (1) Jacques Androuet Du Cerceau (i), §1: Life and illustrative work Le Camus de Mézières, Nicolas Germany Baumeister, Reinhard Böckler, Georg Andreas Moosbrugger, Caspar Wolff, Johann Caspar Indian subcontinent Indian subcontinent, §III, 1(i)(c): Architectural forms: Temples Indian subcontinent, §III, 1(ii)(a): Architecture: Terminology Indian sub., §III, 6(i)(b): 11th–16th-cent. indigenous & trad. arch.: Rajasthan and Gujarat Italy Alessi, Galeazzo, §2(iv): Genoa, 1548–57: The Porta del Molo Paoletti, Gasparo Maria Poland Poland, §XVI: Historiography Portugal Sequeira: (2) José da Costa Sequeira Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, §III, 1: Architecture: Anuradhapura period–Chola interregnum United States of America USA, §II, 2: Architecture: The Federalist period and eclectic revivalism astronomy Carolingian art, §IV, 3(i): Manuscript painting: Introduction building Britain Georgian style Germany Lodgebook Rome, ancient Rome, ancient, §II, 1(iv)(a): Architects and masons: Evidence calligraphy Engraving, §II, 3(ii): Commercial growth, c 1500–c 1600 China China, §IV, 2(viii)(b): Calligraphy: 1912 and after Wang (ii): (2) Wang Yuanqi Japan Fujiwara (ii): (2) Fujiwara no Kozei Ichikawa Beian Japan, §VII, 2(ii)(c): Calligraphy: Early courtly styles, Late Heian period Japan, §VII, 2(vi)(c): Literati calligraphy: Founders of Karayo Sugawara no Michizane carpentry Japan Japan, §III, 1(v): Architecture: Design manuals United States of America Benjamin, Asher collections Drawing, §V: Collections Forgery, §II, 1: Authentication techniques: Connoisseurship colour Redgrave: (2) Richard Redgrave connoisseurship Connoisseurship, §2: China drawing England, §XV, 2(iv): Art education, 1768–1920: Amateur art training & the education of women Fialetti, Odoardo Japan, §XVIII, 3(i): Art training and education, 1868–1945: Institutional initiatives Katsushika Hokusai, §2: Maturity and old age, c 1810–49 Troili, Giulio education (art) Japan, §IX, 2(iii): Illustrated books, Edo period and after etching Etching, §II, 2(i): 17th century: France and Italy Etching, soft-ground, §2: History Lalanne, Maxime fortifications Military architecture and fortification, §VII, 2: China gardens Garden, §I, 5: Treatises and theoretical writings Garden, §VIII, 4(iv)(a): British Isles: The Elizabethan garden, c 1550–1602 Garden, §VIII, 4(iv)(e): The English landscape garden, c 1750–c 1800 Byzantine Garden, §III: Byzantine lands England Gilpin: (3) William Sawrey Gilpin France Dezallier d’Argenville: (2) A.-N. Dezallier d’Argenville Garden, §VIII, 4(i)(b): Italy, c 1550–c 1800: Historical development Garden, §VIII, 4(ii)(c): French landscape gardens in the 18th century Italy Garden, §VIII, 4(i)(a): Western: c. 1550–c. 1800: Italy: General characteristics Japan Garden, §VI, 3(iii): Japan: Edo period Netherlands, the Garden, §VIII, 4(v): The Netherlands, c 1550–c 1800 Rome, ancient Garden, §II, 4: Ancient Rome glass Brandenburg glassworks heraldry Heraldry, §II, 1(ii): Western art of heraldry: Tinctures hieroglyphs Mythological painting and sculpture, §3: The Renaissance, c 1400–c 1595 iconography Allegory, §V: Baroque Emblem book, §1: Sources and distinctions Iconographic handbook Iconographic programmes, §3: From c 1550 Iconography and iconology, §II, 1: History of practice: Early history, 16th century to early 19th Christianity Iconographic handbook, §2(i): From the 12th–17th century: Christian subject-matter England Audsley, George Ashdown Indian subcontinent Indian subcontinent, §XV, 1: Copies Italy Boudard, Jean-Baptiste Ripa, Cesare Netherlands, the Mander, van: (1) Karel van Mander I, §2(ii)(e): Writings: The Schilder-boeck icons Stroganov: (2) Sergey Stroganov interior decoration Painted effects jade collecting China, §VIII, 5: Jade-carving: Six Dynasties to Song jewellery Sri Lanka, §VI, 6: Jewellery libraries Library, §II, 1(i)(b): Later development: Renaissance and Baroque Europe manuscript Mappae clavicula manuscript illumination De arte illuminandi marbling Paper, decorative mining Deutsch: (2) Hans Rudolf Manuel Deutsch mythology Mythological painting and sculpture, §2: The medieval period, c AD 300–c 1400 painting Encaustic painting, §2(ii): Post-Renaissance revival China China, §V, 3(vi)(a): Painting: Bamboo, plum and ink-flowers China, §V, 3(vi)(d): Painting: Bamboo, plum and ink-flowers China, §V, 5(ii): Painting theory and criticism: Literati concepts and writings China, §XIII, 19(ii): Prints: Ming and after China, §XV, 1: Art training: Traditional Ink, §II, 1(i): Uses in East Asia: Painting and calligraphy Japan, §VI, 4(vi)(d): Late foreign-influenced painting: Nanga Li Tang Nanjing school, §2: Historical development England Bardwell, Thomas Luttrell , Edward Turquet de Mayerne, Théodore France Piles, Roger de Sérusier, Paul Germany Neue Sachlichkeit Gothic Gothic, §IV, 3: Painting: Working practices Gothic, §IV, 4(ii): Painting techniques: Colour Greece Dionysios of Furna Indian subcontinent Indian subcontinent, §VI, 1(v): Painting: Literary references Italy Melani, Alfredo Japan Japan, §VI, 4(vi)(c): Late foreign-influenced painting: Nagasaki school Japan, §XVIII, 2: Art training and education, before 1868 Japan, §XXII, 4: Historiography, criticism and theory Korea Korea, §X, 1: Art training and education, to early 20th century Netherlands, the Lairesse, Gérard de, §2: Art theory Mander, van Post-Byzantine Post-Byzantine art, §I: Introduction Post-Byzantine art, §III, 1(iii): Icons: Serbia and neighbouring regions Spain Eusebi, Luis Tibet Shalu United States of America Robertson: (1) Archibald Robertson see also MANUSCRIPTS papers China, §XIII, 18(iii): Paper: Treatment and decoration perspective Perspective, §III, 4: Non-linear: Impact of modern colour science and visual theory, 18th–20th centuries photography Photography, §I, 2: Processes and materials: Glossary Photography, §II, 1: Early trends Robinson, Henry Peach pottery Japan, §VIII, 2(ii)(b): High-fired ceramics, before 1185: Ash-glazed Nonomura Ninsei Sri Lanka, §VI, 9: Terracotta print collecting Dutuit printing Bodoni, Giambattista Bosse, Abraham Prints, §III, 6(ii)(a): Colour printing, 15th–18th centuries Typography, §1: Invention and development prints Masyutyn, Vasyl’ proportions (human) Human proportion, §2: Painting and sculpture ritual objects Japan, §XII, 2(iii): Metalwork: Heian period scenery Theatre, §III, 4(i)(b): Western world: 19th-century stage design and costume screenprinting Screenprinting, §2: History sculpture China, §III, 1: Buddhist sculpture Indian subcontinent, §V, 1(iii): Sculptors Polykleitos, §1(i): Theory of art seals Zhou Lianggong tapestries Encyclopedias and dictionaries of art, §VI: After 1900 textiles Ryukyu, §2(iii): Textiles theatre design Sabbatini, Niccolò topography Guidebook, §2(iii): Byzantine empire and Western world, after c 1870 typography Fournier, Pierre-Simon urban planning Parker & Unwin, §3: Later independent careers weapons Korea, §VIII, 1: Arms and armour Sri Lanka, §VI, 1: Arms and armour writing Neudörfer, Johann Script, §2(iii): Renaissance see also TREATISES

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