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MacDonald, J(ames) E(dward) H(ervey)
(b Durham, 12 May 1873; d Toronto, 22 Nov 1932). Canadian painter and designer. He emigrated to Canada with his parents in 1887, initially to Hamilton, Ontario, and then settling early in 1889 in Toronto. He joined the leading Toronto design firm of Grip Ltd as an artist in 1894, after serving an apprenticeship with a lithography company; he possibly also worked as a stone-engraver. He attended evening and Saturday classes (1891–8) at the new Central Ontario School of Art and Design in Toronto, as well as the informal classes of the Toronto Art Students’ League, which undertook summer sketching trips in the country. While this activity developed his technique and established his habit of developing major canvases during the winter from sketches done in the summer, it was from reading that his thoughts on art derived. Apart from his youthful attraction to Ruskin, he was drawn to the writings of Walt Whitman and Henry David Thoreau, who both dealt with the relationship between man and nature.
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