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Liu Songnian [Liu Sung-nien]
(b Qiantang [modern Hangzhou], Zhejiang Province; fl 1170s–early 13th century). Chinese painter. There is a lack of information about Liu since, as a member of the imperial painting academy, he was disdained by the Southern Song (1127–1279) literati, who considered professionals barely superior to artisans. It is known that he resided at a gate called the Qingpo men or An men in Hangzhou. He was appointed huayuan xueshi (‘scholar of the painting academy’) between 1174 and 1189 and became a daizhao (painter in attendance) between 1190 and 1194. The Emperor Ningzong (reg 1195–1224) awarded him the jindai (‘golden belt’) in 1195.
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