(b Naples, c. 1513; d Ferrara, 26 Oct 1583). Italian architect, painter, draughtsman and antiquary. He is best known for his designs for the Casino of Pius IV in the Vatican and his gardens for the Villa d’Este at Tivoli, which greatly influenced Renaissance garden design. His work reflects his interest in the reconstruction of Classical antiquity, although this was sometimes based on fragmentary information, and his painting and architecture are closely dependent on classicism with a richness of detail associated with Roman Imperial art.

• Ligorio, Pirro
  • Antiquaries and antiquarian societies, §1: 16th century and before
  • Este (i): (12) Alfonso II d’Este
  • Garden, §VIII, 4(i)(b): Italy, c 1550–c 1800: Historical development
  • Rome, §V, 1: Forum Romanum
  • attributions
    • Bomarzo, Sacro Bosco
  • collaboration
    • Balbas , Alessandro
    • Cungi, Leonardo
    • Rome, §V, 14(ii)(a): St Peter’s: Architecture
  • excavations
    • Tivoli, §2(iv): Hadrian’s Villa: Rediscovery
  • patrons and collectors
    • Bentivoglio: (3) Cornelio I Bentivoglio
    • Carafa: (2) Paul IV
    • Este (i): (11) Ippolito II d’Este
    • Monte, del: (1) Pope Julius III
    • Pius IV, Pope
    • Rome, §V, 14(iii)(a): Vatican Palace: Architecture
    • Tivoli, §3: Villa d’Este
  • works
    • Borromini, Francesco, §I, 5: S Ivo della Sapienza
    • Bramante, Donato, §I, 3(ii)(a): Rome, 1500–14
    • Contini: (1) Francesco Contini
    • Fountain, §IV, 2: Western world: Renaissance
    • Italy, §II, 3(ii): High Renaissance architecture, c 1500–c 1520
    • Porta, della: (5) Giovanni Battista della Porta
    • Porta, Giacomo della, §4: Palazzi and late works
    • Rome, §III, 4(ii): Art life and organization, 1550–1600
    • Rome, §VII, 3(ii): Antiquarian descriptions: 16th century
    • Simonetti, Michelangelo
    • Villa, §II, 1: Renaissance and Baroque, c 1400–c 1700: History and development