(b Dongping, Shandong Province, late 12th century; d ?Lin-an after ?1246). Chinese painter. Although he originally painted in traditional styles, his later work became both more spontaneous in execution and more conceptual, in a manner that can be associated with the southern Chan (Jap. Zen) Buddhist approach to enlightenment (see BUDDHISM, §III, 8). Together with Muqi he became one of the best known painters of Chan subjects (see CHINA, §V, 3(ii)(b)) of the late Southern Song period (1127–1279).

• Liang Kai
  • China, §V, 3(ii)(a): Chan Buddhist paintings
  • China, §V, 3(vii)(b): Figure painting: Sui to Song
  • Hangzhou
  • Song dynasty, §2: Southern Song
  • patrons and collectors
    • Japan, §VI, 4(iii)(e): Ink painting in the Muromachi period: Josetsu & Ashikaga cultural hegemony
    • Tensho Shubun, §1: Life and career
  • works
    • Caricature, §2: Elsewhere
    • China, §V, 3(ii)(b): Chan Buddhist painting
    • Japan, §VI, 4(iii)(a): Ink painting in the Muromachi period: Early practitioners