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(1) Kim Ung-hwan [cha Yongsu; ho Pokhon, Tamjoltang]
(b Kaesong, Kyonggi Province, 1742; d Pusan, North Kyongsang Province, 1789). His relationship with his fellow court painter Kim Hong-do (see KIM (iv), (1)) was especially important. Panoramic View of the Diamond Mountains (ink and light colour on paper, 223*352 mm, 1772; Seoul, priv. col.) forms the first leaf of an album of poetry and painting by Kim Ung-hwan and Hong Shin-yu (b 1722). Kim Ung-hwan’s inscription on this album leaf indicates that he painted it for his closest friend, Kim Hong-do, in the spring of 1772 in the manner of Chong Son’s painting of the same scene. There are some similarities between the paintings of Chong Son and Kim Ung-hwan: for example, the composition and perspective, the use of short, horizontal lines to render the tree-covered mountains and of lines to depict the rocky peaks. However, Kim’s view is more intimate than Chong Son’s distant and majestic view. Kim’s brushlines, though thin, have a relaxed gentleness that is absent from Chong’s lines. In the spring of 1788 Kim Ung-hwan travelled with Kim Hong-do to the Kumgang (Diamond) Mountains on a painting assignment for King Chongjo. Eight leaves from this royal assignment have been made into the Album of Paintings of the Diamond Mountains (Seoul, priv. col.; see Ahn, 1982, pp. 59–68), in which Kim Ung-hwan demonstrated a greater independence from the influence of Chong Son.
Part of the Kim (iii) family
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