(b Garwolin, nr Warsaw, 15 April 1944). Polish painter, sculptor, performance artist and film maker. He trained as a painter at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw (1965–71) under Stefan Gierowski. His ‘ritual actions’ organized in streets in Warsaw attracted the attention of critics and passers-by. Carefully planned to avoid the appearance of a ‘happening’, they reflected Kalina’s concern with a number of artistic and social issues. In 1977 Kalina created The Passage (sculptures now at Wroclaw, N. Mus.), a monument to an anonymous pedestrian: for a week on the pavement at a crossroads in Warsaw he placed life-size, grey figures of people going up and down an imaginary subway and intermingling with real crowds. He also joined other artists in boycotting state-organized artistic events and took part in independent exhibitions held in churches, such as Apokalipsa—Swiatlo w ciemnosciach (‘Apocalypse—light in the darkness’), held in the church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw in 1984. In 1986 he made the tomb of Father Jerzy Popieluszko (Warsaw, St Stanislaw Kostka), the priest murdered in 1984 by the Polish secret police. Subsequent works included a performance of his play Pielgrzymi i tulacze (‘The pilgrims and the exiles’) in 1989 at the Studio Art Centre in Warsaw, the installation Cathedral and the performance Welcome to Poland (1991; London, Serpentine Gal.).