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(2) Muhammad Isma`il [Muhammad Isma`il]
(b c. 1814; d 1882 or 1892). Younger brother of (1) Najaf `Ali. A prolific artist who painted many penboxes, mirror-cases and caskets, Muhammad Isma`il worked during the early part of his life for the Qajar governor of Isfahan, Manuchihr Khan, known as Muhammad al-Dawla. His court is depicted on a penbox (1848; London, V&A, 763–1876), the earliest signed work by Muhammad Isma`il. The governor is portrayed on other signed works, such as a casket (1850; London, N. D. Khalili priv. col.), and other pieces depicting the governor’s court, such as a mirror-case (New York, Brooklyn Mus., 71.49.2), can be attributed to this formative period of Muhammad Isma`il’s life. These early works are characterized by large-scale, full-length figures set in highly ordered and conventional compositions.
Part of the Isfahani family
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