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	Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique (b Montauban, 29 Aug 1780; d Paris, 14 Jan 1867). French painter. He was the last grand champion of the French classical tradition of history painting. He was traditionally presented as the opposing force to Delacroix in the early 19th-century confrontation of Neo-classicism and Romanticism, but subsequent assessment has shown the degree to which Ingres, like Neo-classicism, is a manifestation of the Romantic spirit permeating the age. The chronology of Ingres’s work is complicated by his obsessive perfectionism, which resulted in multiple versions of a subject and revisions of the original. For this reason, all works cited in this article are identified by catalogue raisonné number: Wildenstein (W) for paintings; Naef (N) for portrait drawings; and Delaborde (D) for history drawings.
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	Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Classicism, §6: 19th century Colour, §I, 2: Western world, 17th century to mid-19th: Rubénisme to Romanticism Disegno e colore, §3: 17th–19th-century England and France Florence, §II, 3: Art life and organization, after c 1800 France, §III, 5(ii): Painting & prints, c 1814–c 1914: Romanticism, classicism & plein-air studies France, §XII, 5: Patronage: 19th and 20th centuries France, §XIII, 5: Collecting and dealing: 19th century Haro Italy, §III, 6: Neo-classical to early modernist painting, c 1750–c 1900 Rome, §III, 7: Art life and organization, 1801–1900 Style, §1(iv): Usages and problems: Tetrad etc Tondo assistants Flandrin: (1) Auguste Flandrin book illustrations Taylor, Isidore-Justin-Séverin catalogues Catalogue, §4(iv): Loan exhibition catalogues collaboration Baltard: (2) Victor Baltard Chabal-Dussurgey, Pierre-Adrien Gleyre, Charles Palagi, Pelagio Simart, Pierre-Charles competitions Prix de Rome decorative works Fan, §VIII: Europe drawings Drawing, §IV, 6: 19th century Gatteaux: (2) Jacques-Edouard Gatteaux Grand Tour: Bibliography cartoons Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène-Emmanuel, §3: Decorative arts education (art) Art education, §3: The growth of art schools, 18th and 19th centuries France, §XV, 6: Art education: The Ecole des Beaux-Arts and teaching studios in the 19th century exhibitions Armory Show Martinet, Louis Paris, §III, 5: Art life and organization, 1815–69 Paris, §III, 6: Art life and organization, 1870–1914 frames Frame, §III, 10: France: Bourbon Restoration groups and movements Neo-classicism, §5: The late phase Orientalism, §2(iii): Harems and slave and street markets Paris, §VI, 3(ii): Académie des Beaux-Arts: Teaching of painting and sculpture Romanticism, §3(ii): Manifestations in art: Painting Second Empire style Troubadour style methods Model, artist’s, §5: 18th century Modello, §I: Drawn Pencil Photography, §II, 5: Photography and fine art Portraiture, §III: Manufacture Portraiture, §IV: The importance of likeness Underdrawing paintings Turquerie altarpieces Altarpiece, §2(ii)(c): Forms and development: After c 1600 history France, §III, 4(iii): Painting & graphic arts, c 1715–c 1814: Art of the Revolution & its aftermath Gay and lesbian art, §1: Questions of identity, before the 1890s History painting, §II, 2: Romanticism and historical genre Pompeian Revival, §4: The 19th century and later Throne, §II, 2(ii): Europe, after c 1500: Secular murals Mural, §1(i): Europe, c 1810–c 1930 nude figures Erotic art, §I, 2(iii): Western world, c 1700–c 1900 Nude, §4: The modern period, after 1800 portraits Bartolini, Lorenzo, §1: Training and early years in Italy and France, to 1814 Bartolini, Lorenzo, §2(ii): Exile and first years in Florence, 1814–27: Portrait statues and groups Cockerell: (2) C. R. Cockerell, §2: Early architectural work, 1821–30 Frame, §III, 9: France: Directoire and Empire Jewellery, §4: 1726–1830 Orléans, House of: (8) Ferdinand-Philippe, Duc d’Orléans Regalia, §3: Sceptres and rods religious Autun France, §III, 5(i): Painting & graphic arts, c 1814–c 1914: The search for a subject-matter patrons and collectors Alba, 14th Duque de (1794-1835) Alba: (1) 14th Duque de Alba Artaud de Montor, Jean-Alexis-François Artaud de Montor, Jean-Alexis-François Aumale, Henri-Eugène-Philippe-Louis de Bourbon, Duc d' Orléans, House of: (10) Henri-Eugène-Philippe-Louis d’Orléans, Duc d’Aumale Beisteguy y Benítez, Carlos de Beisteguy y Benítez, Carlos de Beurnonville, Etienne-Edmond Martin, Baron de Beurnonville, Etienne-Edmond-Martin de Blacas, Pierre-Louis-Jean-Casimir de Blaces d'Aulps, Duc de Blacas d’Aulps, Pierre-Louis-Jean-Casimir Bonaparte, Napoléon(-Jérôme), Prince Bonaparte: (10) Napoléon Camondo, Isaac de, Comte Camondo: (1) Isaac de Camondo Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples (1782-1839) Murat, Joachim Coutan, Louis-Joseph-Auguste Coutan, Louis-Joseph-Auguste Delafontaine, Pierre-Maximilien Delafontaine, Pierre-Maximilien Demidov, Anatoly, Prince Demidov: (1) Anatoly Demidov Didot, Saint Marc Didot: (3) Saint Marc Didot Forbin, (Louis Nicolas Philippe) Auguste, Comte de Forbin, Auguste Ionides, Constantine Alexander Ionides Musée Ingres Archives, §3(viii): Principal art archives Napoleon I, Emperor of the French (reg 1804-14) Bonaparte: (1) Napoleon I, §2: Painting Bonaparte: (1) Napoleon I, §6: International influence Péreire, Jacob-Emile and Isaac Péreire Petit, Francis Petit: (1) Francis Petit Polignac, Winnaretta, Princesse Edmond de Polignac, Winnaretta Edmond de Pourtalès-Gorgier, James-Alexandre, Comte de Pourtalès-Gorgier, James-Alexandre Rothschild, James Mayer de, Baron (1792-1868) Rothschild Turpin de Crissé, Lancelot-Théodore, Comte de Turpin de Crissé, Lancelot-Théodore pupils Amaury-Duval, Eugène-Emmanuel Amaury-Duval, Eugène-Emmanuel Américo de (Figueiredo e) Melo, Pedro Américo de Melo, Pedro Bertin, Edouard(-François) Bertin, Edouard Bonnassieux, Jean-Marie-Bienaimé Bonnassieux, Jean-Marie-Bienaimé Chassériau, Théodore Chassériau, Théodore Chenavard, Paul(-Marc-Joseph) Chenavard, Paul Cornu, Sébastien (Melchior) Cornu, Sébastien Desgoffe, Alexandre Desgoffe, Blaise Flandrin, Hippolyte(-Jean) Flandrin: (2) Hippolyte Flandrin Flandrin, (Jean-)Paul Flandrin: (3) Paul Flandrin Galimard, (Nicolas-)Auguste Galimard, Auguste Guichard, Joseph(-Benoît) Guichard, Joseph Janet-Lange Janet-Lange Janmot, (Anne-François-)Louis Janmot, Louis La Chevreuse, Louis-Marie-François Jacquesson de Tryon, Dwight W. Lehmann, (Charles Ernest Rodolphe) Henri (Salem) Lehmann, Henri Menn, Barthélemy Menn, Barthélemy Mottez, Victor(-Louis) Mottez, Victor Nègre, Charles Nègre, Charles Oudiné, Eugène(-André) Oudiné, Eugène Spence, William Blundell Spence, William Blundell Stevens, Alfred (Emile-Léopold) (1823-1906) Stevens: (2) Alfred Stevens Stürler, Franz Adolph von Purismo Ziegler, Jules-Claude Ziegler, Jules-Claude reproductions in hardstones Gem-engraving, §I, 12: Western, after 1800 reproductive prints by others Bracquemond: (1) Félix Bracquemond stained glass Stained glass, §II, 2(ii): 1800–1880 studio Studio, §II, 3: History and development, c 1800–c 1900 teachers David, Jacques-Louis, §I, 3: Work during the Directory and the Empire, 1795–1814 Roques, Joseph

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