(b Munich, 16 Mar 1829; d Munich, 3 April 1871). German painter. He trained under Michael Echter (1812–79), Hermann Anschütz (1802–80) and Albrecht Adam, in whose house he had a studio from the 1850s. Early in his career he showed a strong interest in Russian and Oriental subjects (e.g. Arab on Horseback, 1853; Munich, Neue Pin.) and in hunting-scenes such as Chamois Escaping from Predators (1852). While still based in Munich, he produced his first paintings on subjects taken from Egypt and the Caucasus. In 1853–4 he travelled to Spain and Algiers; sketches made on this journey formed the basis of many much later works, such as Evening in the El Kantarah Oasis and Nomad Caravan (bought by King William I of Württemberg). In 1858 he travelled via Odessa, Sevastopol’ and Kerch to Tbilisi, observing the progress and conduct of the Crimean War. Travelling with the Russian army under General Vrefsky, he painted works for Princess Gagarin and Baroness Vrefsky, and six watercolours for Empress Maria of Russia (1824–80). In 1860 he became a member of the St Petersburg Academy. Between 1861 and 1862 he travelled widely in the Caucasus, visiting Baku, Erevan and Tbilisi, where he painted Parade of the Tsar and his Entourage (1862). In 1863 he returned to Munich. In 1865 he painted the Taking of Shamy, which includes 40 portraits, and the Storming of an Entrenchment on Mount Gunib (1866). In 1870 he produced studies of Strasbourg under siege from the Prussian army. His drawings and sketchbooks are in Berlin (Nationalgalerie), St Petersburg and Munich (Staatl. Graph. Samml.).

• Horschelt, Theodor
  • Brandt, Józef