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(2) Lucas Horenbout
(b Ghent, ?1490–95; d London, 1544). Miniature painter, son of (1) Gerard Horenbout. By 1531 he was a court painter at the English court of Henry VIII, and in 1534 this office was conferred on him for life. No surviving work can be attributed to him with certainty (although Strong suggested an oeuvre of some 23 miniature portraits, all of courtiers). This is partly because, during his long career as court painter, he was paid a large fixed annuity rather than a negotiable fee for individual commissions. However, according to van Mander, it was Lucas Horenbout who introduced Hans Holbein the younger to the art of painting portrait miniatures. Lucas has been plausibly credited with the earliest of all English portrait miniatures, probably pendants representing Henry VIII (Cambridge, Fitzwilliam; see fig.) and Catherine of Aragon (Duke of Buccleuch priv. col.), both datable 1525–6. On stylistic grounds, certain other portrait miniatures as well as book illuminations may be added, for example the frontispiece of the Liber Niger of the Order of the Garter (Windsor Castle, Berks, Royal Lib.) or the two frontispieces in the royal book of valuations, the Valor ecclesiasticus (1535; London, PRO, E.344/22).
Part of the Horenbout family
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