(b Lódz, 24 Nov 1891; d Lódz, 7 Dec 1939). Polish painter, printmaker and designer. He studied at the Artistic Craft School, Lódz (1907–10), the Higher Technical School, Darmstadt (1910–12), and Warsaw Technical University (1912–15). He was evacuated during World War I to Russia; after the revolution of 1917 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kiev (1918–21). On his return to Lódz in 1921 he produced a cycle of religious paintings influenced by Byzantine Orthodox painting. An important feature of these is the technical skill of their execution, which is seen as a miracle of action on matter. A singular naturalism and alchemical mysticism are evident in all his works.