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Hashimoto Gaho [Hashimoto Masakuni; Gaho; Togansai]
(b Edo [now Tokyo], 1835; d Tokyo, 1908). Japanese painter. One of the last masters of the KANO SCHOOL of painters (for family tree see KANO), he played an important role in the survival and modernization of traditional Japanese-style painting (Nihonga) in the late 19th century (see JAPAN, §VI, 5(iii)). He was the son of a minor professional painter supported by the Matsudaira family. In 1847 he entered the Kobikicho branch of the Kano school in Edo where he studied under Kano Shosen’in Tadanobu (1823–80) and mastered the then waning Kano ink painting traditions. In 1857 he succeeded Shosen’in Tadanobu as head of the school. Three years later he established an independent studio in Edo. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Western models were officially sanctioned and widely adopted, even in the arts, including art education and patronage. Painters of the Kano school, having fallen from favour, were forced to seek other means of livelihood: from 1871 to 1886 Gaho made his living by teaching cartography and making maps for the Japanese navy.
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