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Gion Nankai [Gion Mitsugu; Horai, Nankai]
(b Kii Province [now Wakayama Prefecture], 1677; d Kii Province, 1751). Japanese painter, calligrapher and poet. Along with Sakaki Hyakusen and Yanagisawa Kien, he is regarded as one of the pioneers of literati painting (Bunjinga or Nanga; see JAPAN, §VI, 4(vi)(d)) and is also celebrated as a poet and calligrapher in the Chinese style (Karayo). He was the eldest son of a doctor and Confucian scholar and as a youth accompanied his father to Edo (now Tokyo), where he studied Confucian texts and Chinese poetry with Kinoshita Jun’an (1621–98). Nankai returned to Kii in 1697 but in 1700 was banished for some unspecified offence. Because he was highly regarded as the finest Chinese-style poet of his day and as an accomplished calligrapher, Nankai was pardoned in order to participate in receptions for the Korean mission of 1710. Three years later he was appointed the official teacher in the clan Confucian academy.
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