Colony of German artists formed c. 1807 and active until 1946. It was based in the Bavarian city situated on the River Amper, 17 km north-west of Munich. Dachau is an ancient market town that dates back to c. AD 800 and that was awarded its charter in 1391. Its historic buildings include a ruined 16th-century castle, built for Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, by Heinrich Schöttl and Wilhelm Egckl (completed 1570–73), and a 17th-century town hall and parish church (1624–5) designed by Hans Krumpper. The artists’ colony flourished there particularly from 1890 to 1914. Over the years c. 1000 artists, German and international, used the colony, which did not represent any particular school, although most of the artists were Romantic, Naturalist or Impressionist landscape painters. The best-known participants were Max Liebermann and Lovis Corinth. Characteristic landscape works of the colony were View from the Schlossberg towards the Munich Road (c. 1860) by Eduard Schleich (1812–74), Theresienwiese (1882) by Adolf Lier (1826–86) and Corinth’s Wood near Dachau (1893; all Dachau, Gemäldegal.). The Künstlervereinigung of Dachau was founded in 1927, but Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 brought pressure on it to conform with state dictates on art. From 1933 to 1945 the town contained the notorious Nazi concentration camp, whose inmates are commemorated by a memorial and museum. After Germany’s defeat in 1945 the Künstlervereinigung was dismantled, but it was re-established in 1947. In 1985 the Dachauer Gemäldegalerie reopened in celebration of the city’s art-historical heritage.