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	CIAM [Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne]. International organization of modern architects founded in June 1928 at the château of La Sarraz, Switzerland. It was instigated by Hélène de Mandrot (who had offered her château as a venue for a meeting of architects interested in discussing developments in modern architecture), Le Corbusier and Sigfried Giedion. Its foundation was stimulated by the campaign in defence of Le Corbusier’s unexecuted competition entry (1927) for the League of Nations Building, Geneva, as well as the success of the Weissenhofsiedlung (1927) in Stuttgart—a permanent, model exhibition of social housing in which several noted European Modernists had participated (for further discussion and illustration see DEUTSCHER WERKBUND). The creation of CIAM established the MODERN MOVEMENT in architecture as an organized body, with a manifesto, statutes, a committee (see CIRPAC) and an address in Zurich: that of Giedion, who became its first secretary-general. Karl Moser was its first president, followed by Cornelis van Eesteren (1930–47) and Josep Lluís Sert (1947–56).
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	CIAM Architectengroep de 8 Bourgeois, Victor Chandigarh, §1: History and urban development France, §II, 5(ii): Developments in Modernist architecture and the great exhibitions, after c 1914 Giedion, Sigfried Haefeli, Max Ernst Hungary, §II, 4(ii): Architecture, after 1914 International Style Markelius, Sven Modern Movement, §4: Towards an international style, 1926–32 Smithson Stam, Mart Syrkus Team Ten Urban planning, §V, 4: c 1890–1945: Functionalism Austria Austria, §II, 5: Architecture, after c 1890 Belgium Braem, René De Koninck, Louis Herman Brazil Levi, Rino Vital Brazil, Álvaro Warchavchik, Gregori Britain MARS Group Croatia Ibler, Drago Czechoslovakia Bens, Adolf Chochol, Josef Fuchs, Bohuslav Krejcar, Jaromír Rozehnal, Bedrich England Shand, Philip Morton Yorke, Rosenberg & Mardall Finland Aalto, Alvar, §2: Influence of Rationalism, 1927–32 France Bodiansky, Vladimir Candilis–Josic–Woods Goldfinger, Ernö Guévrékian, Gabriel Lurçat: (2) André Lurçat Moreux, Jean-Charles Germany CIRPAC Döcker, Richard Häring, Hugo Greece Despotopoulos, Ioannis Karantinos, Patroklos Hungary Dávid, Károly Fischer, József Major, Máté Molnár, Farkas Italy BBPR Architectural Studio De Carlo, Giancarlo Figini and Pollini Gardella, Ignazio Italy, §II, 6(ii): Architecture: Novecentismo, Razionalismo & other styles, c 1920–c 1946 Sartoris, Alberto Mexico Cetto, Max Netherlands, the Bodon, Alexander Eesteren, Cornelis van Eyck, Aldo van Loghem, Johannes Bernardus van Merkelbach, Ben Rietveld, Gerrit Van den Broek & Bakema Norway Fehn, Sverre Korsmo, Arne Russia Kolli, Nikolay South Africa Martienssen, Rex Spain García Mercadal, Fernando GATEPAC Sert, Josep Lluís Torres i Clavé, Josep Switzerland Artaria, Paul Bill, Max Meyer, Hannes Moser (ii): (3) Werner Moser Roth: (2) Alfred Roth Steiger, Rudolf Switzerland, §II, 2: Architecture: Advent and development of Modernism, c 1900 and after United States of America Harris, Harwell Hamilton

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