(b Karlsruhe, 12 April 1883; d Darmstadt, 20 Feb 1959). German architect and writer. He studied at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe and at the Technische Hochschule and the University in Berlin. In 1905 he established a practice in Berlin. By 1918 he had received c. 50 commissions, but he only began to publish his work after World War I. During the 1920s he joined the Novembergruppe, the Arbeitsrat für Kunst and Der Ring, the principal German avant-garde artistic and architectural groups. His most interesting contribution to the brief period of German Expressionism was the Sternkirche project (1922). The centralized church is surmounted by a roof of layered concrete shells that are supported by a thicket of columns, intended as a reinterpretation of Gothic construction.

• Bartning, Otto
  • Germany, §II, 7(i): Architecture, 1900–39
  • Hirschfeld-Mack, Ludwig
  • collaboration
    • Berlin, §I, 5: History and urban development, c 1918–1944
    • Forbát , Fred
  • groups and movements
    • Arbeitsrat für Kunst
    • Deutscher Werkbund, §3: Dissolution and re-formation, after 1930
    • Expressionism, §2: Architecture
    • Modern Movement, §3: De Stijl to Der Ring, 1917–25
    • Ring, Der
  • staff
    • Haefeli, Max Ernst
  • teachers
    • Fischer, Theodor
  • works
    • Cologne, §I, 3: History and urban development, 1794 and after