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Bacciarelli, Marcello [Marceli]
(b Rome, 16 Feb 1731; d Warsaw, 5 Jan 1818). Italian painter, active in Poland. He studied in Rome with Marco Benefial and in 1750 was summoned to the Dresden court of Elector Frederick Augustus II (Augustus III of Poland), where he worked as a draughtsman in the picture gallery. In Dresden, Bacciarelli also painted portraits. Along with the entire Saxon court, he spent the years 1756–64 in Warsaw, working as portrait painter to the aristocracy. At this time he also moved in Polish circles, getting to know the family of the future Polish king, Stanislav II Poniatowski (reg 1764–95; see PONIATOWSKI, (1)), among others. In 1764–6 Bacciarelli worked at the imperial court in Vienna. From 1766 he settled permanently in Warsaw, where he was closely associated with Stanislav II and his court and worked as the chief propagator and interpreter of the artistic policy of the monarchy. In 1786 he was admitted into the Polish nobility. He became the King’s principal painter, organizing and maintaining the artistic workshop in the Royal Castle (see POLAND, §XIV), supervising the decoration of the King’s residence (1776–85) and coordinating the accumulation and maintenance of the royal collection. In 1786 he was appointed Director-General of the royal buildings. Bacciarelli enjoyed both the confidence and the friendship of the King. In 1787 he travelled to Italy, where he was elected to membership of several academies. When the King was forced in 1795 to abandon the capital and abdicate the throne, Bacciarelli remained in Warsaw, maintaining overall control of artistic affairs in the city, and after the death of Stanislav II in 1798 he took control of matters relating to the King’s estate and the disposal of the royal collections. In 1816 he became honorary dean and professor at the newly founded faculty of education and fine art at Warsaw University. Bacciarelli regarded Poland as his homeland, and his descendants assumed Polish citizenship.
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- Bacciarelli, Marcello
- Plersz: (2) Jan Bogumil Plersz
- Poland, §III, 4: Painting and graphic arts, c 1700–c 1800
- Poland, §XIV, 1: Art education, before c 1800
- Poland, §XIV, 2: Art education, c 1800–c 1900
- Warsaw, §III, 1(iii): Art life and organization: Development, c 1740–94
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