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	Art Nouveau [Fr.: ‘new art’]. Decorative style of the late 19th century and the early 20th that flourished principally in Europe and the USA. Although it influenced painting and sculpture, its chief manifestations were in architecture and the decorative and graphic arts, the aspects on which this survey concentrates. It is characterized by sinuous, asymmetrical lines based on organic forms; in a broader sense it encompasses the geometrical and more abstract patterns and rhythms that were evolved as part of the general reaction to 19th-century historicism. There are wide variations in the style according to where it appeared and the materials that were employed.
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	Art Nouveau Art à la Rue Bing, S. Biomorphism Klimt, Gustav Metamorphism Modernism Modern Movement, §1: Origins, 1860–c 1907 Reproduction of works of art, §2(iii): 19th century art forms architecture Guimard, Hector Polychromy, §1(ii): Architecture, after c 1800 Australia Haddon, Robert Austria Tile, §II, 7: Germany, Austria and Switzerland Belgium Belgium, §II, 5: Architecture, after c 1890 Blérot, Ernest Brussels, §II, 3: Urban development, 1830–1918 Horta, Victor, §1: Before 1903 Brazil Brazil, §IV, 2(i): Architecture, c 1850–1920 Chile Chile, §II, 3: Architecture: Further European influences, c 1855–c 1925 Denmark Denmark, §II, 3: Architecture, after 1840 France Bonnier, Louis France, §II, 5(i): Architecture, after c 1914: Purism, Cubism and the Modern Movement Germany Germany, §II, 6(iv): Renaissance Revival architecture and late 19th-century developments Honduras Honduras, §II, 2: Architecture, after 1838 Portugal Nogueira, Miguel Terra, Ventura Russia Lidval’, Fyodor Russia, §III, 2(iii): Architecture, 1830s–1917 Syuzor, Pavel Slovenia Slovenia, §II: Architecture Spain Gaudí, Antoni Uruguay Uruguay, §III: Architecture books Book illustration, §IV, 2: 19th century: France, the USA and elsewhere ceramics England, §VII, 5(i): Ceramics, after 1900: Commercial pottery Finch, Alfred William drawings Beardsley, Aubrey Vedder, Elihu frames Frame, §IV, 11: Britain: Late 19th and 20th centuries Frame, §VI, 7: Germany and Central Europe: Late 19th and 20th centuries Frame, §VII, 8: Scandinavia: Late 19th and 20th centuries furniture Belgium, §VI, 3(ii): Furniture, after 1800: Art Nouveau and subsequent developments Cuba, §V: Furniture France, §VI, 5: Furniture, 1849–1914 gesso Macdonald glass Glass, §III, 4(iii): Decorative techniques: Lustering USA, §VIII, 3: Glass, after 1880 interior decoration Belgium, §V, 3: Interior decoration, after 1800 jewellery Belgium, §X, 2: Jewellery Gold, §2(iii): Techniques: Decorating Jewellery, §5: 1831–1900 Nienhuis, Bert lithography Master printers, §III: Specialization and collaboration medals Coudray, Marie-Alexandre-Lucien metalwork Belgium, §IX, 1(iii): Gold and silver, after 1800 Patina Russia, §IX, 1(iii): Gold and silver, c 1800–1917 mosaics Malyutin, Sergey Vasil’yevich ornament Ornament and pattern, §II, 8: Western: 19th-century reform movements painting Brussels, §III, 2: Art life and organization, 1830–1918 pewter Pewter, §3(i): Size of the industry posters Poster, §II, 1(ii): Before 1900: Early development in France sculpture Belgium, §X, 1: Ivory stained glass La Farge, John staircases Russia, §V, 3: Interior decoration, c 1800–1917 statuettes Statuette, §III, 2(ii): 19th and 20th centuries: Art Nouveau textiles Lebeau, Chris Netherlands, the, §XI, 3: Woven and printed textiles collections Kröller-Müller , Hélène exhibitions Hobé, Georges periodicals Periodical, §II, 2(ii)(c): Art Nouveau regional traditions Austria see JUGENDSTIL Belgium Hankar, Paul Lemmen, Georges Catalonia see MODERNISME Czech Republic see JUGENDSTIL England Liberty, Arthur Lasenby France André, Emile Germany Van de Velde, Henry, §2: Decorative arts and architecture Germany see JUGENDSTIL Italy see STILE LIBERTY Latvia see JUGENDSTIL Norway Norway, §II, 3: Architecture, after 1814 Norway see JUGENDSTIL Spain see MODERNISME; MODERNISMO

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