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	(1) Josef Albers (b Bottrop, Ruhr, 19 March 1888; d New Haven, CT, 25 March 1976). Painter, printmaker, sculptor, designer, writer and teacher. He worked from 1908 to 1913 as a schoolteacher in Bottrop and from 1913 to 1915 trained as an art teacher at the Königliche Kunstschule in Berlin, where he was exposed to many current art movements and to the work of such Old Masters as Dürer and Holbein. His figurative drawings of the next few years, which he kept hidden and which were discovered only after his death (many now in Orange, CT, Albers Found.), show that he applied these influences to his consistent concern with the simplest and most effective means of communicating his subject; he drew rabbits, schoolgirls and the local landscape in as dispassionate and impersonal a manner as possible. After his studies in Berlin he returned to Bottrop and from 1916 to 1919 began his work as a printmaker at the Kunstgewerbeschule in nearby Essen. In 1919 he went to Munich to study at the Königliche Bayerische Akademie der Bildenden Kunst, where he produced a number of nude drawings and Bavarian landscapes (Orange, CT, Albers Found.). Part of the Albers family
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	Albers, Josef Colour interaction Performance art, §1(v): Origins: Black Mountain College and Happenings Systems art USA, §III, 4: Ptg & graphic arts: Abstract Expressionism, Pop, Minimalism & late 20th-c. dev. collaboration Master printers, §VI: Master printers since c 1960 Serra, Richard dealers René, Denise groups and movements Abstract art, §5: Abstract Expressionism and related tendencies, mid- to late 1940s and 1950s Abstraction-Création American Abstract Artists Bauhaus, §2: First years in Dessau, c 1925–c 1928 Bauhaus, §3: Final period and later influences, from c 1928 Black Mountain College Germany, §III, 5(i): Painting and graphic arts, c 1900–c 1939 Op art methods Colour, §I, 4: Western world, 20th century: Abstract art Science and art, §2(i): Mathematics and visual harmony Science and art, §2(iii): Treatment of light and colour patrons and collectors Dotremont, Philippe Kuh, Katharine Schreiber pupils Anuszkiewicz, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Richard Bill, Max Bill, Max Chase-Riboud, Barbara Chase-Riboud, Barbara Davidson, Bruce Davidson, Bruce Feininger, T(heodore) Lux Feininger: (3) T. Lux Feininger Henri, Florence Henri, Florence Hesse, Eva Hesse, Eva Hicks, Sheila Hicks, Sheila Johnson, Ray(mond Edward) Johnson, Ray Noland, Kenneth Noland, Kenneth Rauschenberg, Robert Rauschenberg, Robert, §1: Training and early work, to 1953 Seidler, Harry Seidler, Harry Sharon, Arieh Sharon, Arieh Snelson, Kenneth Snelson, Kenneth works Colour interaction, §1(viii): Principal colour studies: Grey scales Embossing, §2: History Lithography, §II, 2(ii)(c): Fine art developments, 20th century Screenprinting, §2: History Woodcut, §II, 6(i): 20th century: Revival, pre-World War II

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