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Acrylic painting.
Although ‘acrylic’ has become a generic term for any synthetic paint medium, acrylics are a specific type of manmade polymer that has become standard in the commercial paint industry as well as widely used by artists from the mid-20th century; most synthetic paint media in contemporary artistic use are based on acrylic emulsions. Acrylics are thermoplastic, have great optical clarity and excellent light stability, good adhesion and elasticity and resist ultraviolet and chemical degradation. Their unique surface properties, transparency and brilliance of colour, together with the possibilities they offer for indeterminacy, immediacy, randomness and the ability to rework immediately and to achieve extremely thin or thick surfaces, are qualities that have been exploited fully by such painting movements as Abstract Expressionism in the 1950s, and, subsequently, colour field painting, hard-edge painting and Pop art.
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- painting... (cont.)
- types... (cont.)
- religious... (cont.)
- Italy: Baroque... (cont.)
- Sacchi, Andrea, §1(ii)(a): Mature work, 1629–53: Subject paintings
- Saraceni, Carlo, §1: Training and early works, c 1598–c 1610
- Sassoferrato
- Serodine, Giovanni
- Spada, Leonello
- Stanzione, Massimo, §2: The 1630s
- Stanzione, Massimo, §3: From 1640
- Tiarini, Alessandro
- Tiepolo: (1) Giambattista Tiepolo, §I, 1: Early success in Venice and works at Udine, 1716–32
- Tiepolo: (2) Giandomenico Tiepolo, §1: Life and painted work
- Vaccaro, Andrea
- Italy: Early Netherlandish style
- Italy: Early Renaissance
- Italy: Gothic
- Italy: Mannerism
- Bacchiacca
- Barocci, Federico, §1(ii): The discovery of Correggio, 1563–c 1570
- Barocci, Federico, §1(iii): A popular approach to divine mystery, c 1570–79
- Barocci, Federico, §1(iv): 1579–1612
- Bassano, §I: (2) Jacopo Bassano, §2: 1543–c 1562
- Bassano, §I: (2) Jacopo Bassano, §3: c 1562–81
- Beccafumi, Domenico, §1: To 1517
- Conte, Jacopino del
- Correggio, §1(ii)(a): Frescoes, 1520 and after
- Correggio, §1(ii)(b): Altarpieces and devotional works, 1520 and after
- Fontana (ii): (2) Lavinia Fontana
- Frame, §II, 4(ii): Italian Mannerist: Auricular and leaf frames
- Italy, §III, 4(iv): High Renaissance & Mannerist painting, c 1500–c 1600: Other schools & artists
- Lilli, Andrea
- Mannerism, §3(v): Formal language: Anti-classicism and subjective expression
- Muziano, Girolamo
- Orsi, Lelio
- Rosso Fiorentino, §1: Training and early work in Florence and Volterra, before 1524
- Salimbeni, Ventura
- Salviati, Francesco, §1(iv): Florence, 1544–8
- San Friano, Maso da
- Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §I, 1: Life and work, before 1548
- Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §I, 2: Life and work, 1548–55
- Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §I, 3: Life and work, 1556–74
- Tintoretto: (1) Jacopo Tintoretto, §I, 4(i): Life and work, 1575 and after
- Vecchi, Giovanni de’
- Venice, §V, 4: Scuola Grande di S Rocco
- Veronese, Paolo, §I, 3(ii): Maser, Verona and Venice, 1560–73: Subject pictures & altarpieces
- Veronese, Paolo, §I, 4(iii): Late works, 1574–88: Other religious works
- Italy: Renaissance
- Amulet, §3: Symbolism in world religions
- Angelico, Fra, §I, 1: Early career, to 1433
- Angelico, Fra, §I, 2: c 1433–9
- Antonello da Messina, §1(i): Training and early years, before c 1465
- Antonello da Messina, §1(iv): Last years: Sicily, 1476–9
- Arcangelo di Cola da Camerino
- Bartolomeo della Gatta
- Bellini: (1) Jacopo Bellini, §I, 1: Paintings
- Bellini: (2) Gentile Bellini, §2: 1479 and after
- Bellini: (3) Giovanni Bellini, §II, 3: Style and development, c 1500–1516
- Bellini: (3) Giovanni Bellini, §III, 1: Technique
- Benvenuto di Giovanni
- Bergognone, Ambrogio
- Bonsignori, Francesco
- Botticelli, Sandro, §I, 3: Life and work, Late years, after 1490
- Bramantino
- Carpaccio: (1) Vittore Carpaccio, §1: Life and commissions
- Carpaccio: (1) Vittore Carpaccio, §2(i): Narrative cycles
- Castagno, Andrea del, §1(i)(b): Documented and accepted works, 1447–8
- Cesare da Sesto
- Collecting, §4: Other arts
- Domenico di Bartolo
- Foppa, Vincenzo, §2: From 1480
- Frame, §II, 3(v): Italian Renaissance: Tondo frames
- Ghirlandaio: (1) Domenico Ghirlandaio, §I, 2(ii): c 1470 and after: Panel paintings
- Giovanni del Biondo
- Giovanni di Consalvo
- Giulio Romano, §I, 2(v): Works following the death of Raphael, 1520–24: Fugger Altarpiece
- Granacci, Francesco
- Leonardo da Vinci, §I, 2: First Milanese period, c 1482–99
- Leonardo da Vinci, §I, 4: Second Milanese period, mid-1508–1513
- Lippi: (1) Filippo Lippi, §1(ii): Life and work, 1437–52
- Lippi: (1) Filippo Lippi, §1(iii): Life and work, 1452–69
- Lippi: (2) Filippino Lippi, §1(ii): Early maturity, c 1485–7
- Machiavelli, Zanobi
- Mainardi, Bastiano
- Mantegna, Andrea, §I, 1(i)(b): Padua, to 1460: Ovetari Chapel fresco decoration
- Mantegna, Andrea, §I, 1(i)(c): Padua, to 1460: Altarpieces
- Mantegna, Andrea, §I, 1(i)(d): Padua, to 1460: Other frescoes and easel pictures
- Mantegna, Andrea, §I, 1(iv)(d): Mantua, c 1490–1506: Easel pictures & other works
- Marmitta, Francesco
- Masaccio, §I, 1(v): Training and early years, to c 1426: The Pisa Altarpiece
- Masters, anonymous, and monogrammists, §I: Stratonice Master
- Melozzo da Forlì, §1: Life and work
- Mocetto, Girolamo
- Moretto, §2: 1530–54
- Moroni, Giovanni Battista, §1: Early career, to c 1560
- Niccolò di Pietro
- Penni: (1) Giovan Francesco Penni
- Piero della Francesca, §I, 2(ii): Mature works: The Flagellation
- Pinturicchio, Bernardino, §1: To early 1492
- Pollaiuolo, §I: (1) Antonio Pollaiuolo, §1: Paintings and drawings
- Pollaiuolo, §I: (2) Piero Pollaiuolo
- Pordenone, §2: Mature period, 1519–33
- Previtali, Andrea
- Raphael, §I, 1(ii): Paintings and drawings: Florence, 1504–8
- Raphael, §I, 1(iii)(b): Altarpieces: Rome, 1508–20
- Roberti, Ercole de’, §2: Bologna, 1482–6
- Sassetta, §1(ii): Middle years, 1431–44
- Savoldo, Giovanni Girolamo, §1(ii): Life and work, 1530 and after
- Schiavone, Giorgio, §1: Padua, 1456–61
- Sebastiano del Piombo, §1(i): Venice, to 1510
- Sebastiano del Piombo, §1(iii): Maturity: Rome, 1516–27
- Sodoma, §2: Middle years, late 1508–28
- Solari (i): (6) Andrea Solario
- Throne, §II, 2(i): Europe, after c 1500: Ecclesiastical
- Tura, Cosimo, §1(iii): Life and work, 1471–95
- Vasari: (1) Giorgio Vasari, §I, 2(i): First major commissions, 1537–40
- Verrocchio, Andrea del, §I, 2: Painting
- Vivarini: (3) Alvise Vivarini
- Zoppo, Marco, §1: Life and work
- Zoppo, Marco, §2: Working methods and technique
- Italy: Rococo
- Italy: Verismo
- Italy: 13th cent.
- Italy: 14th cent.
- Barna
- Giovanni da Milano
- Iconography and iconology, §III, 1(ii): Analysis of motifs, themes and types: Transformations
- Jacopo del Casentino
- Lippo Memmi
- Lorenzetti: (1) Pietro Lorenzetti, §1(ii): Life and work, 1326 and after
- Lorenzetti: (2) Ambrogio Lorenzetti, §1(i): Life and work, before c 1337
- Niccolò di Buonaccorso
- Niccolò di Pietro Gerini
- Oderisi, Roberto d’
- Paolo Veneziano, §2(ii): Work, c 1333–41
- Serafini: (1) Serafino Serafini
- Siena, §II: Art life and organization
- Tomaso da Modena, §1: Life and work
- Traini, Francesco
- Vitale da Bologna, §1: Life and work
- Italy: 15th cent.
- Italy: 16th cent.
- Albertinelli, Mariotto, §1(ii): Life and work, 1503–9
- Basaiti, Marco
- Campi: (2) Antonio Campi
- Carracci, §II: (1) Ludovico Carracci, §1(i): Training and early work, before c 1590
- Carracci, §II: (1) Ludovico Carracci, §1(ii): Middle years, c 1590–1601
- Carracci, §II: (2) Agostino Carracci
- Catena, Vincenzo
- Cesi, Bartolomeo
- Franco, Battista
- Ghirlandaio: (4) Ridolfo Ghirlandaio
- Grandi, Ercole
- Melone, Altobello
- Poccetti, Bernardino
- Polidoro da Caravaggio
- Pulzone, Scipione
- Salviati, Giuseppe
- Schiavone, Andrea
- Italy: 17th cent.
- Assereto, Gioacchino
- Cantarini, Simone
- Cignani, Carlo
- Elsheimer, Adam, §1(i): Before 1600: Frankfurt, Bavaria and Venice
- Elsheimer, Adam, §1(ii)(a): Rome, 1600 and after: Early development
- Empoli, Jacopo da, §1(i): Training and early works, to 1600
- Empoli, Jacopo da, §1(ii): Mature and late works, 1600–40
- Gramatica, Antiveduto
- Mehus, Livio
- Morazzone, §2: Later works, after 1610
- Novelli, Pietro
- Pacecco
- Procaccini: (2) Camillo Procaccini, §2: Activity in Lombardy, 1588–1629
- Schedoni, Bartolomeo
- Seiter, Daniel, §1: Venice and Rome, c 1670–88
- Sirani, Elisabetta
- Tanzio da Varallo, §1: To 1625
- Vignali, Jacopo
- Italy: 18th cent.
- Chiari, Giuseppe Bartolomeo
- Cignaroli, Giambettino
- Gandolfi: (3) Mauro Gandolfi
- Guardi: (1) Giovanni Antonio Guardi, §1: Life and work
- Guardi: (1) Giovanni Antonio Guardi, §2: Studio practice
- Imperiali
- Masucci, Agostino
- Piazzetta: (2) Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, §1(i)(a): Painting, to 1723
- Savoy, §II: (11) Victor-Amadeus II, King of Sardinia, 15th Duke of Savoy and King of Sicily
- Italy: 19th cent.
- Italy: 20th cent.
- Netherlands, the: Baroque
- Backer, Jacob
- Bijlert, Jan van
- Cuyp: (2) Benjamin Cuyp
- Gelder, Arent de
- Lievens, Jan, §1: Leiden, 1607–31
- Moeyaert, Claes, §1(i): Paintings
- Poorter, Willem de
- Rembrandt van Rijn, §I, 2(i): Leiden years, 1626–31: Paintings
- Wit, Jacob de
- Netherlands, the: Early Netherlandish style
- Bosch, Hieronymus, §II, 1: Work and iconography: Religious
- Broederlam, Melchior
- Geertgen tot Sint Jans, §1: Life and work
- Masters, anonymous, and monogrammists, §I: Master of the Tiburtine Sibyl
- Ouwater, Albert van
- Sittow, Michel, §2: Works and attributions
- Netherlands, the: Mannerism
- Netherlands, the: Renaissance
- Netherlands, the: 16th cent.
- Netherlands, the: 17th cent.
- Bor, Paulus
- Breenbergh, Bartholomeus, §1(ii): Dutch period, c 1629–57
- Crabeth: (3) Wouter Crabeth (ii)
- Drost, Willem
- Du Jardin, Karel
- Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den, §1(i): History paintings, 1640–50
- Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den, §1(ii): History paintings, 1650–74
- Fabritius: (2) Barent Fabritius, §2: Work
- Honthorst, Gerrit van, §2(ii): Working methods and technique: Drawings
- Jacobsz., Lambert
- Koninck: (1) Salomon Koninck
- Mander, van: (1) Karel van Mander I, §3(ii): Paintings
- Pynas: (2) Jacob Pynas
- Schut, Cornelis, I
- Seghers, Gerard
- Steen, Jan, §2(i)(c): Stylistic development: c 1670 and after
- Stom, Matthias
- Norway
- Portugal: Baroque
- Portugal: 15th cent.
- Portugal: 16th cent.
- Portugal: 19th cent.
- Portugal: 18th cent.
- Russia
- Sicily
- Spain: Baroque
- Camilo, Francisco
- Cano, Alonso, §2: Madrid, 1638–52
- Coello, Claudio, §1(i): Before 1679
- García Hidalgo, José
- Masters, anonymous, and monogrammists, §I: Master of the Annunciation to the Shepherds
- Navarrete, Juan Fernández de
- Rizi: (1) Fray Juan Rizi
- Rizi: (2) Francisco Rizi, §1: Before 1661
- Spain, §III, 3(iii): Painting and graphic arts, c 1600–c 1750: Leading figures
- Valdés Leal: (1) Juan de Valdés Leal, §1: To 1670
- Velázquez, Diego, §I, 2: Madrid and first visit to Italy, 1623–31
- Zurbarán, de: (1) Francisco de Zurbarán, §1: First years in Seville, 1614–34
- Zurbarán, de: (1) Francisco de Zurbarán, §2(i): Maturity in Madrid and Seville, 1634–50
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