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TITLE:
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Padua: The Prato della Valle
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CATEGORY:
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Paintings
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MATERIALS:
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Oil on canvas
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SIZE:
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h: 16 x w: 35.2 in / h: 40.6 x w: 89.4 cm
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REGION:
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Italian
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PRICE*:
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Contact Gallery for Price
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DESCRIPTION:
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Despite the importance of Padua, and above all of its famous university, and its proximity to Venice, Canaletto only reproduced two paintings representing the city. The Prato, or Pra della Valle, here seen from the North-East, is one of the largest squares in existence. It was a marshy plain used for horse races and fairs until it was drained in 1775/76 and subsequently changed in appearance, and is known today as the Piazza Vittorio Emanuele I. The present view includes the churches of Santa Giustina and the Misericordia, the Palazzo Verson (formerly Grimani) and the Collegio Universitario. While some of the buildings have changed little, the site of the Church of the Misericordia is now occupied by the Foro Boario, and the Collegio Universitario has been replaced by the Loggia Amulea. On stylistic grounds, a dating soon after the artist´s return to Venice from England in 1755 seems most likely. Canaletto often used for his paintings graphic sources which had been in his studio for decades. In this case the composition is based on his own etching on two plates probably intended to be joined after printing, which are together less high but almost a wide as the painting that was almost certainly executed in the early 1740s and was based on a drawing on two sheets almost certainly made during Canaletto’s visit to the mainland in the company of his nephew Bernardo Bellotto in 1740/41. Constable lists four other versions of the painting, of which only that in the Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan, seems acceptable as autograph, although of less high quality and of later date. The Ashridge Park catalogue records that the present picture belonged to Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, who ‘valued it so high as to keep it under a glass’. If Tiepolo did indeed own it, he must have left it behind in Venice on his departure for Spain in 1762, which is plausible since collectors or owners of pictures in whatever sense normally sold them before going on a long trip. The great collector Sir Abraham Hume, who owned, among other things, Titian’s Death of Actaeon (London, National Gallery) and Rembrandt´s Aristotle contemplating the Bust of Homer (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art), made a tour of Italy in 1786/87, arriving in Venice on 13 November 1786 and being next recorded in Naples on 18 January 1787. While in Venice he acquired two paintings by Canaletto from the dealer Giovanni Maria Sasso, this and a small view of The Colleoni Monument and the Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo. Our picture may well be that to which John Strange, the British Resident in Venice, refers in an undated letter to Sasso about sending certain paintings: ‘aggungerà solo per ora il Prà della Valle del Canaletto sperando che me lo prezzarà meno che sia possible’. Strange had many dealings with Hume and may have been acting as his agent.
From 1716 to 1718 the young Canaletto worked together with his father Bernardo Canal and an uncle on stage sets for operas by Antonio Vivaldi. Shortly thereafter he travelled to Rome to paint under his father’s guidance scenery for operas by Alessandro Scarlatti. Canaletto however soon abandoned the theatre life and started painting views, both real and imaginary. Around 1725 he collaborated with Giovanni Battista Piazetta and Giovanni Battista Cimaroli on a capriccio view. But he also set himself at painting realistic views. By 1725 he seems to have been already very much in demand as a painter of Venetian vedute. The 1730s proved the most prolific part of his career. Canaletto’s Venetian townscapes found an eager and buying public in the English nobles, who visiting Venice on their Grand Tour of course wished a memento of their journey. The early 1740s brought about a dramatic change in his output. The outbreak of the Austrian Succession War (1741) deprived the artist of much of his English patronage and he almost entirely gave up painting, devoting himself instead to drawing and etching. Canaletto’s intensified activity as an etcher coincided with the great revival of etching to which contributed such masters as Tiepolo, Piazetta and Michele Giovanni Marieschi. In 1746 the artist moved to London as the artistic climate was declining in Venice. He remained in England until 1755. This period was not a highly productive one for only forty pictures with English subject matter are recorded. It is however possible that he continued to produce drawings of Venetian and Roman views. Her spent he last decade of his life in Venice. His last dated work is from two years before his death and bears an inscription of his own hand stating that he realized this picture at the age of 68 ‘without spectacles’.
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PROVENANCE:
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Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696 - 1770) With Giovanni Maria Sasso, Venice Sir Abraham Hume, 2nd Bt. (1749 - 1838), London, by whom purchased from the above in Venice between 13 November 1786 and early 1787 (included in a list of paintings settled as heirlooms by Hume, 1834) His grandson and heir John Hume, Viscount Alford (1812 - 1851), Ashridge Park, Hertfordshire His son John William Spencer, 2nd Earl Brownlow (1842 - 1867), Belton House, Grantham, Lincolnshire His son Sir Peregrine Francis Adelbert Cust, 6th Baron Brownlow Sale London (Sotheby’s), 26 March 1969, no. 30, bought by Tan Bunzl private collection, England With Leggatt Brothers, London 1973 Sale London (Christie’s), 28 June 1974, no. 108 Private collection, London, until the present
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LITERATURE:
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Catalogue of the Brownlow Pictures, 1851, no. 44 Ashridge Park Catalogue, 1876, no. 44, p. 14 F. Mauroner, ‘Collezionisti e Vedutisti Settecenteschi in Venezia’, Arte Veneta 1 (1947), p. 49 W. G. Constable, Canaletto, 2 vols., London 1962 (cf. subsequent editions revised by J. G. Links), vol. 1, pp. 136,137, ill., vol. 2, no. 376 and under 690 K. T. Parker in Canaletto e Guardi: Mostra dei disegni, exh. cat. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice 1962, p. 30 A. Eeles, Canaletto, London 1967, p. 35, ill. L. Puppi, L´opera completa del Canaletto, Milan 1968, no. 210A, p. 108, ill. P. Rosenberg in Venise au dix-huitième siècle: Peintures, dessins et gravures des collections françaises, exh. cat. Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris 1971, p. 75 A. Morassi, Guardi. L´opera completa di Antonio e Francesco Guardi, 2 vols., Venice 1973, vol. 2, p. 257 W. G. Constable, Canaletto, 2 vols., Oxford 1976, vol. 1, pp. 136,137, pl. 69, vol. 2, no. 376 and under nos. 339,690 O. Millar in Canaletto: Paintings and Drawings, exh. cat. The Queens Gallery, London 1980/81, p. 107 J. G. Links, Canaletto. The Complete Paintings, London 1981, no. 305, p. 90, ill. J. G. Links, Canaletto, Oxford 1982, pp. 112-114 C. Miller in Canaletto. Disegni – Dipinti - Incisioni, exh. cat. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, 1982, p. 44, under nos. 35,36 M. Natale, Museo Poldi Pezzoli. Dipinti, Milan 1982, p. 140 under no. 159 A. Corboz, Canaletto. Una Venezia immaginaria, Milan 1985 D. Succi in Canaletto & Visentini, Venezia & Londra, exh. cat. Cà Pesaro, Venice 1986/87, p. 190 G. Marini in Bernardo Bellotto: Verona e le città europee, exh. cat. Museo del Castelvecchio, Verona 1990, p. 54 J. G. Links, Canaletto, London 1994, p. 132 J. Ingamells, A Dictionary of British and Irish Travellers in Italy 1701 - 1800 compiled from the Brinsley Ford Archive, New Haven & London 1997, p. 534 M. Pietrogiovanna in Tiepolo Canaletto Piranesi e altri: Incisioni venete del Settecento dei Musei Civici de Padova, exh. cat. Palazzo del Monte, Padua 1997, p. 44 N. Volle in Settecento: Le Siècle de Tiepolo, Peintures italiennes du XVIIIe siècle exposées dans les collections publiques françaises, exh. cat. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon/ Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille 2001, p. 115 C. Beddington in The Burlington Magazine 144 (2002), May, p. 301
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EXHIBITION HISTORY:
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Toronto, Art Gallery of Toronto/ Ottawa, National Gallery of Canada; Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Canaletto, 1964/65, no. 71, pp. 84,90 and under no. 47 London, Christie’s, Fanfare for Europe: British Art Market Exhibition, 1973, no. 9 Newcastle, Laing Art Gallery, on loan circa 1983 - 2000
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