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TITLE:
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Portrait Bust of Eugenie Schäuffelen
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WORK DATE:
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1878
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CATEGORY:
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Sculptures
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MATERIALS:
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White marble on irregular rectangular self-base, rounded in back, mounted to circular marble base.
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SIZE:
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h: 15.8 x w: 8.5 x d: 9 in / h: 40.1 x w: 21.6 x d: 22.9 cm
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STYLE:
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Academic
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PRICE*:
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Contact Gallery for Price
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DESCRIPTION:
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Note: In her catalogue raisonné of Hildebrand's busts,
Angela Hass distinguishes three periods of the artist's
æuvre: the early period in Florence until circa 1890, the
middle period in Munich beginning with tile plans for the
Wittelsbach Fountain, and the late period following
Hildebrand's stroke in 1910.
The present bust represents the early period, during which
Hildebrand developed his skills in marble carving. In the
workshops of the great sculptors of the nineteenth century,
from Canova and Thorvaldsen to Rodin, marble sculpture
was traditionally executed by practitioners after a plaster
model by the artist. Only the final treatment of the surface
was left to the hand of the master. Rodin hardly ever
touched a chisel. He employed great artists including
Antoine Bourdelle and Charles Despiau as practitioners, and
left the entire completion of his marble sculptures to them. Hildebrand was tile first artist in the nineteenth century who
was personally involved with the carving from beginning to
end. Only after 1910, when he lacked the physical strength, did he delegate the carving to his assistants.
Angela Hass stated about the present bust that "the liveliness of the plaster model in comparison to the somewhat
neo-Classical smooth marble execution of the bust suggests the suspicion that Hildebrand's collaborator Gabriello
Polumbo participated in the execution." This opinion has
been opposed by Sigrid Braunfels-Esche, who wrote the
catalogue raisonné of Hildebrand's work. According to her
information, Polumbo was a laborer who assisted Marées
and Hildebrand in preparing thc walls when thc two artists
painted frescoes in Naples. Hildebrand subsequently
employed Polumbo as a studio assistant. In thc 1890's
Polumbo helped with thc execution of some decorative
details on tile Wittelsbach Fountain in Munich. Sigrid
Braunfels-Esche considers it quite unlikely, that
Hildebrand would have let Polumbo work on a piece that
meant a lot to the artist. She thinks it much more likely
that Hildebrand himself carved the marble, as he was very
fond of the sitter, who was a family member. Finally, it was
Hildebrand's intent to reduce the details of the plaster
when he carved a marble. It was one of his principles that
each medium required its specific treatment.
The sitter of the present bust was the daughter of tile
publisher Friedrich Bruckmann. She was married to the
paper manufacturer Alfred Schäuffelen, a brother of
Hildebrand's wife. The beautiful and lively Eugenie was a
known figure in Munich's artistic and social circles, Franz
von Lenbach painted several portraits of her, and so did
Hans Makart. During her visit in Florence in 1878.
Hildebrand modeled the bust in plaster. At the same time
he painted her portrait in profile. The finely carved features
and the simple geometric base in the present bust are typical traits of the influence of Florentine Renaissance on
Hildebrand's early portraits.
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LITERATURE:
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References: Frieda Hildebrand, Erinnerungen an Adolf Hildebrand, unpublished manuscript, archive, Munich. Angela Hass, Adolf von Hildebrand. Das plastische Portrait, Munich 1984, cat. no. 27, p. 76, ill. Sigrid Braunfels-Esche, unpublished correspondence.
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EXHIBITION HISTORY:
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Shepherd Gallery, New York, Viewpoints, Fall 1991, eat. no. 23, ill.
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