Barbara Kruger (American, born 1945)

Conceptual artist Barbara Kruger (American, born January 26, 1945) is best known for her layered photographs, featuring provocative statements on issues surrounding commercial culture, feminism, and identity politics. Kruger was born in Newark, NJ, and studied art at Syracuse University, the School of Visual Arts, and Parson’s School of Design, under Diane Arbus. She spent several years working as a graphic designer and artistic director for publications, such as Mademoiselle, House and Garden, and Aperture.

At the same time she gained critical recognition for her photographic and screenprinted works, in which she layered found images from commercial sources and overlaid them with short, challenging phrases, such as “You are a captive audience,” and “I shop therefore I am”. Kruger’s work powerfully examines individual participation within consumer and media culture, and provides a forceful feminist critique. She has exhibited her work at the Museum of Modern Art and the International Center for Photography in New York, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, the National Center for Contemporary Art in Grenoble, France, and at the Kunsthalle Basel in Switzerland, among other institutions. Her work has also been reproduced on billboards, t-shirts, and other public venues. Kruger currently lives and works in Los Angeles and New York.

Timeline

1945: Born in Newark, NJ
1965: Studied at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
1966: Studied at Parsons School of Design, New York, NY
: Lives in New York, NY and Los Angeles, CA

Exhibitions

2011: "That’s The Way We Do It. The Techniques and Aesthetic of Appropriation", Kunsthaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
2011: "Unsettled: Photography and Politics in Contemporary Art", Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA
2011: "No Substitute", Glenstone, Potomac, Maryland
2011: "The Deconstructive Impulse: Women Artists Reconfigure the Signs of Power, 1973-1992", Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
2011: "The Deconstructive Impulse: Women Artists Reconfigure the Signs of Power, 1973-1992", Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College, State University of New York, Purchase, New York
2011: "The Globe Shrinks", Sprüth Magers, Berlin, Germany (solo)
2011: L & M Arts Los Angeles, Venice, California (solo)
2010: "America: Now and Here", cross-country traveling exhibition
2010: "Pictures by Women: A History of Modern Photography", The Museum of Modern Art, NYC, NY
2010: "PQ: 100", The Center for Photography at Woodstock, Woodstock, New York
2010: "Your History is Not Our History", Haunch of Venison, NYC, NY
2010: "In the Vernacular", The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
2010: "Plenty", Guild Hall Museum, East Hampton, New York, NY (solo)
2010: “The Globe Shrinks”, Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY. (solo)
2009: “Barbara Kruger: Pre-digital 1980-1992”, Skarstedt Gallery, New York, NY
2009: “The Pictures Generation”, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY
2009: “Between Being Born and Dying”, Lever House, New York City, NY
2009: Sprüth Magers, London, England
2008: Southern Exposure, Museum of Contemporary Art Sydney, Sydney, NSW
2008: “Between Being Born and Dying”, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden.
2007: Dangerous Beauty, CAM - Chelsea Art Museum, New York, NY
2007: “’Picture/Readings’ 1978”, Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY
2006: Kestnergesellschaft, Hannover, Germany
2006: Women Only! In Their Studios, Polk Museum of Art, Lakeland, FL
2005: The Fluidity of Time - Selections from the MCA Collection, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, MCA Chicago, Chicago, IL
2005: Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, San Diego, CA
2005: Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland
2004: Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY
2004: “Twelve”, Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY
2004: “ipermercati dell’arte”/”Ill consumo rappresentato”, Palazzo Pubblico, Magazini del Sale
2003: ‘Help’ Barbara Kruger, Sprueth Magers Lee, London, England
2003: Kunst-Station St. Peter, Köln, Germany
2003: Sprüth/Magers/Lee, London, England
2003: Skarstedt Fine Art, New York.
2002: Palazzo delle Papesse, Siena, Italy
2002: Monika Sprüth / Philomene Magers, Köln, Germany
2002: “Shopping”, Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt / Main, Germany
2002: Monika Sprüth / Philomene Magers, München, Germany
2001: “The Overexcited Body”, SESC, São Paulo, Brazil
2001: South London Gallery, London, England
2000: Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA
2000: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY
2000: “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, New York.
2000: “Sentimental”, Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France.
2000: “Around 1984: A Look at Art in the Eighties”, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center, Long Island City, New York.
2000: “Lux et Tenebrae: Peter Blum Edition”, Peter Blum/Blumarts, Inc., New York, NY.
2000: “Picturing Women”, Steven Scott Gallery, Baltimore, MD.
2000: “S.O.S.: Scenes of Sounds”, The Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY
1999: “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Knoxville Museum of Art, Knoxville, TN
1999: “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, GA
1999: “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, The Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, VA
1999: “Art at the End of the Century: Contemporary Art from the Milwaukee Art Museum”, Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL
1999: “Veronica’s Revenge: Photographies de la collection LAC-Suisse”, Casino Luxembourg and Musee national d’histoire et d’art, Luxembourg.
1999: “Assumed Identity”, Fine Arts Gallery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
1999: “Altered States”, Charles Cowles Gallery, New York, NY.
1999: “The American Century: Art and Culture 1950-2000”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.
1999: Galerie Yvon Lambert, Paris, France.
1998: Parrish Art Museum, Southampton, NY.
1998: “Read My Lips: Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger, Cindy Sherman”, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Australia.
1998: “Inner Eye: Contemporary Art from the Marc and Livia Straus Collection”, Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
1998: “Art and the American Experience”, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI
1998: “Fast Forward Trade Marks”, Kunstverein Hamburg, Germany
1997: “The Mediated Object: Selections from the Eli Broad Collections”, Forum for Contemporary Art, Saint Louis, MO
1997: “It’s Only Rock and Roll: Rock and Roll Currents in Contemporary Art”, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ
1997: “Word to Word”, Linda Kirkland Gallery, New York, NY.
1997: Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY.
1997: 18 Wooster Street/Deitch Projects, New York, NY.
1996: Museum of Modern Art at Heide, Melbourne, Australia.
1996: “Nudo & Crudo”, Claudia Gian Ferrari Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy.
1996: “NowHere/Incandescent”, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humlebaek, Denmark.
1996: “Sexual Politics: Judy Chicago’s ‘Dinner Party’ in Feminist Art History”, Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California.
1996: “Thinking Print: Books to Billboards, 1980-95”, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY.
1996: “Is It Art?”, Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, New York, NY.
1996: “The Mediated Object: Selections from the Eli Broad Q Collections”, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge,
1995: “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Mead Art Museum, Amherst, MA
1995: “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Auckland City Art Gallery, Auckland, New Zealand.
1995: “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
1995: “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
1995: “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Museum of Photographic Arts, San Diego, CA
1995: “Civil Rights Now”, Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, Winston-Salem, NC
1995: “Civil Rights Now”, Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art, Cleveland, OH
1995: “In a Different Light”, University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, CA
1995: “Paste-Up: Past & Present”, Kent Gallery, New York, NY.
1995: “Passions Privees”, Musee d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France.
1994: “Wall to Wall”, Serpentine Gallery, London, England.
1994: “World Morality”, Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
1994: “Imprimatur”, Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Arts, Montreal, Canada.
1994: Mary Boone Gallery, NYC, NY.
1994: “Public Interventions”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
1994: “Inaugural Group Show”, Off Shore Gallery, East Hampton, NY
1994: “New York ‘Unplugged’”, Gallery Cotthem, Knokke-Zoute, Belgium.
1994: “Desire”, Charles Cowles Gallery, New York, NY.
1994: “Gewalte - Geschaefte”, Neue Gesellschaft fur Bildende Kunst, Berlin, Germany.
1994: “An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Point to Digital”, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO
1993: “Dissent, Difference and the Body Politic”, Otis Parsons School of Art and Design, Los Angeles, CA
1993: “Photoplay”, Center for the Fine Arts, Miami, FL
1993: “The Mediated Image: American Photography in the Age of Information”, University Art Museum, Albuquerque, NM
1993: “Biennale d’Art Contemporain”, Lyon, France.
1993: “Inside Out”, Centro per l’Arte Contemporanea Luigi Pecci, Prato, Italy.
1993: “Commodity Image”, International Center of Photography Midtown, New York, NY.
1993: “Image Makers”, Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, NY
1993: “Die Sprache der Kunst - The Language of Art”, Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, Austria.
1993: “Ciphers of Identity”, Fine Arts Gallery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
1992: Magasin, Centre National d’Art Contemporain, Grenoble, France.
1992: “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH
1992: “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA
1992: “Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties”, Newport Harbor Art Museum, Newport Beach, CA
1992: “Ars Pro Domo”, Museum Ludwig, Koln, Germany.
1992: “Chaos to Order”, Art Museum of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, TX
1992: “15th Anniversary Exhibition”, Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL
1992: “The Power of the City/The City of Power”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, New York, NY.
1992: “More Than One Photography: Works Since 1980 From the Collection”, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY.
1992: “Dissent, Difference and the Body Politic”, Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR
1991: “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, Setagaya Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
1991: “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, National Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan.
1991: “Beyond the Frame: American Art, 1960-1990”, Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan.
1991: “Words and #s”, Museum of Contemporary Art, Wright State University, Dayton, OH
1991: “Buchstablich: Bild und Wort in der Kunst Heute”, Von-der-Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany.
1991: “Media Culture”, Studio Oggetto, Milan, Italy.
1991: “Compassion and Protest”, San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA
1991: “The Art of Advocacy”, The Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, CT
1991: “Aussenraum-Innenstadt”, Sprengel Museum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
1991: “Transpositions”, University of South Florida Art Museum, Tampa, FL
1991: “Objects for the Ideal Home”, Serpentine Gallery, London, England
1991: “Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia, PA
1991: “Anni 80: Artisti a New York”, Palazzo delle Albere, Museo Provinciale d’Arte Sezione Contemporanea, Trento, Italy.
1991: “Power: Its Myths and Mores in American Art, 1961-1991”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Indiana.
1991: “False Face”, N.A.M.E. Gallery, Chicago, IL
1991: Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY.
1990: “California Annual”, San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, CA
1990: Duke University Museum of Art, Durham, NC
1990: Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany.
1990: Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL
1990: Kolnischer Kunstverein, Koln, Germany.
1990: “The Decade Show”, Museum of Contemporary Hispanic Art/The New Museum of Contemporary Art/The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, NY.
1990: “The Indomitable Spirit”, The International Center of Photography Midtown, New York, NY.
1990: “Opening Exhibition, 20th Century Pavilion”, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel.
1990: “The Last Decade: American Artists of the 80’s”, Tony Shafrazi Gallery, New York, NY.
1990: “Art et Publicite”, Musee National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
1990: “The Charade of Mastery”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, New York, NY.
1990: “Words as Symbols”, The Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, CT
1989: Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY.
1989: Galerie Bebert, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
1989: Fred Hoffman Gallery, Santa Monica, CA
1989: John Doyle Gallery, Chicago, IL
1989: “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH
1989: “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, LA
1989: “Prospect 89”, Frankfurt Kunstverein and Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Germany.
1989: “Bilderstreit”, Rheinhalle, Koln, West Germany.
1989: “A Forest of Signs: Art in the Crisis of Representation”, The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA
1989: “Magiciens de la Terre”, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
1989: “Viennese divan: Sigmund Freud nowadays”, Museum of the 20th Century, Vienna, Austria.
1989: “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO
1989: “Making Their Mark: Women Artists Move Into the Mainstream, 1970-85”, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, PA
1989: “The Desire of the Museum”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, New York, NY.
1989: “Image World: Art and Media Culture”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.
1989: Castello di Rivoli, Turin, Italy.
1988: “Biennial of Sydney”, Sydney, Australia.
1988: “Modes of Address: Language in Art Since 1960”, Whitney Museum of American Art Downtown at Federal Reserve Plaza, New York, NY.
1988: Fischbach Gallery, New York, NY.
1987: Artists Space, New York, NY.
1987: P.S. 1, Long Island City, NY
1987: Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY.
1987: Crousel/Hussenot Galerie, Paris, France.
1987: Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany.
1987: National Art Gallery, Wellington, New Zealand.
1987: “1987 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.
1987: “L’epoque, la mode, la morale, la passion”, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
1987: “El Arte y Su Doble”, Fundacion Caja de Pensiones, Madrid, Spain.
1987: “Documenta 8”, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, West Germany.
1987: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA
1987: Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden.
1987: “Emerging Artists 1978-1986: Selections from the Exxon Series”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY.
1986: “New Acquisitions from New York”, Memphis Brooks Museum, Memphis, TN
1986: “Barbara Kruger and Jenny Holzer”, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel.
1986: “Rooted Rhetoric”, Lia Rumma Gallery, Naples, Italy.
1986: “American Myths”, Kent Fine Art, New York, NY.
1986: “El Arte y Su Doble”, Centro Cultural de la Fundacio Caixa de Pensions, Barcelona, Spain.
1986: Annina Nosei Gallery, New York, NY.
1986: Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL
1986: University Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley, CA
1986: Hillman/Holland Gallery, Atlanta, GA
1986: Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
1986: “The Real Big Picture”, Queens Museum, Queens, NY
1986: “Admired Works”, John Weber Gallery, New York, NY.
1986: Light Gallery, New York, NY.
1986: Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, West Germany.
1986: Metro Pictures, New York, NY.
1986: The Crescent Gallery, Dallas, TX
1986: Postmasters Gallery, New York, NY.
1986: “Spectrum: In Other Words”, The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
1986: “Maelstrom”, Emily Lowe Gallery, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY.
1986: “Painting and Sculpture Today: 1986”, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN
1986: “An American Renaissance: Painting and Sculpture from 1940 to the Present”, Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL
1986: “Dissent: The Issue of Modern Art in Boston”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
1986: “Surrealismo: La Dolce Vita 80’s”, Barbara Braathen Gallery, New York, NY.
1986: “Ein Anderes Klima: Kunsterinnen gebrauchen neue Medien”, Kunsthalle Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, West Germany.
1986: “Paravision”, Margo Leavin Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
1986: “Products and Promotion”, San Francisco Camerawork, San Francisco, CA
1985: “1985 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.
1985: “New York, New Art”, ARCA, Marseille, France.
1985: “Ecrans politiques”, Musee d’Art Contemporain, Montreal, Canada.
1985: “Kunst mit Eigen-Sinn”, Museum fur Moderne Kunst, Vienna, Austria.
1985: “Secular Attitudes”, Los Angeles Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA
1985: “Subjects and Subject Matter”, London Regional Art Gallery, London, Ontario, Canada.
1985: “New York: Ailleurs et Autrement”, ARC, Musee d’Art Moderne, Paris, France.
1985: “New Editions by Peter Blum”, Lorence/Monk Gallery, New York, NY.
1985: “New Art”, Modernism Gallery, San Francisco, CA
1985: Monika Spruth Galerie, Koln, West Germany.
1985: Center for Contemporary Art, Seattle, WA
1985: “Talking Back to the Media”, Multi Media Project, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
1985: “June Group Show”, Nature Morte Gallery, New York, NY.
1985: Installation, AREA Nightclub, New York, NY.
1985: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA
1985: Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT.
1985: Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, TX
1984: Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
1984: Kajima Gallery, Montreal, Canada.
1984: Nouveau Musee, Lyon, France.
1984: Watershed Gallery, Bristol, England.
1984: Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL
1984: Crousel/Hussenot Galerie, Paris, France.
1984: Annina Nosei Gallery, New York, NY.
1984: “Private Symbol/Social Metaphor”, Biennial of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
1984: “Sexuality and Representation”, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England.
1984: “Photography Used in Contemporary Art”, National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan.
1984: “El Arte Narrativo”, Museo Rufino Tamayo, Mexico City, Mexico.
1984: “Ansatzpunkte kritischer Kunst heute”, Berlin, West Germany.
1984: “Written Imagery Unleashed in the Twentieth Century”, Fine Arts Museum of Long Island, Hempstead, NY
1984: “Holzer/Kruger Prints”, Spirit Square Art Gallery, Charlotte, NC.
1984: “Contemporary Perspectives 1984”, Bucknell University Art Gallery, Lewisburg, PA
1984: “The Axis of Sexuality”, The Banff Art Center, Alberta, Canada.
1984: “The Difference: On Representation and Sexuality”, The New Museum, New York, NY.
1984: “The Difference: On Representation and Sexuality”, Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England.
1984: “Content: A Contemporary Focus”, Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, DC.
1984: “Group Show”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
1983: “Contemporary Photographers”, Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, MI
1983: “The Revolutionary Power of Women’s Laughter”, Protech/Mc Neil Gallery, New York, NY.
1983: “Starting Points of Young Critical Artists”, Kunstverein, Bonn, Germany.
1983: “Artist-Critic”, White Columns, New York, NY.
1983: “Currents”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
1983: “Group Show”, Young/Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL
1983: American Graffiti Gallery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
1983: Mary Boone Gallery, New York, NY.
1983: “Contra Media”, Alternative Museum, New York, NY.
1983: “Fashion Fictions”, White Columns, New York, NY.
1983: “1983 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.
1983: “Critical Content: Contemporary Perspectives”, Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, CA
1983: “Art and Social Change, U.S.A.”, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH
1983: Times Square Spectochrome Sign, New York, NY.
1983: Institute of Contemporary Art, London, England.
1983: Larry Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
1983: Annina Nosei Gallery, New York, NY.
1982: Larry Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles, CA
1982: CEPA/Hallwalls Gallery, Buffalo, NY
1982: “Documenta 7”, Museum Fridericianum, Kassel, West Germany.
1982: “La Biennale di Venezia”, Venice, Italy.
1982: “Image Scavengers”, Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
1982: “Photographs In”, Daniel Wolff Gallery, New York, NY.
1982: “Frames of Reference”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.
1982: “The American Exhibition”, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
1982: “Art and Media”, Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
1982: “Public Vision”, White Columns, New York, NY.
1982: “The Atomic Salon”, Ronald Feldman Gallery, New York, NY.
1981: “Nineteen Emerging Artists”, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY.
1981: “Gender”, Group Material Gallery, New York, NY.
1981: “Pictures and Promises”, The Kitchen, New York, NY.
1981: “Love is Blind”, Castelli Photography Gallery, New York, NY.
1981: “Inespressionismo Americano”, Genoa, Italy.
1981: “Biennial Photography”, Vienna, Austria.
1981: “Public Address”, Annina Nosei Gallery, New York, NY.
1980: “Four Different Photographers”, Padiglione di Arte Contemporanea, Milan, Italy.
1979: “Imitation of Life”, University of Hartford, Hartford, CT
1979: Franklin Furnace Archive, New York, NY.
1979: Printed Matter, New York, NY.
1976: John Doyle Gallery, Chicago, IL
1973: “1973 Biennial Exhibition”, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.

Barbara Kruger (American, born 1945)

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